Aussie dollar--jumping kangaroo or paper kangaroo?
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Singapore stagflation : May 2008 exports fell most in 17 months; inflation at 26-year highs
This article belongs to the Singapore stagflation watch story arc.
Singapore's exports fell the most in 17 months in May [2008] as the island's manufacturers shipped fewer electronics and other goods to the US and Europe. Non-oil domestic exports dropped 10.5% from a year earlier, the trade promotion agency said today [17 Jun 2008]. Manufacturers across Asia face easing demand amid slowing growth in the US, the region's largest overseas market. Pharmaceutical shipments dropped 48.5% in May from a year earlier, while electronics shipments slipped 8.5%, the 16th consecutive drop. Semiconductor shipments dropped 12.6%. Sales to the European Union fell 28% in May and US shipments dropped 22.3%.
- The Singapore economy continues to be confronted by stagflation as economic weakness persists and shows signs of actually worsening, while inflation continues to run at 26-year highs. As I have commented earlier, this is as classic as it gets regarding the definition of stagflation : stagnant or slowing economic growth in a time of rising inflation.
Sure, biotech manufacturing is subject to some "lumpiness" as equipment needs to be cleaned and re-setup for the next batch of medicines, but a 48.5% drop year-on-year? This is as good as "falling off the cliff", a sinking sensation that many in the peakoiler community are very, very familiar with. And electronics? 16 consecutive drops in 16 months. They could be trying for some kind of record here, together with semiconductors. A very ugly picture, especially given that inflation is still ongoing, and crude oil continues to set new record highs regularly.
This is the kind of situation that can lead to restlessness amongst the population, and in extreme cases descend into disorder and chaos and in fact it already has in some countries. You can be very sure that the government has got to be very concerned about it. Meanwhile, as an individual, in order to hedge against slowing economic growth, you might want to look into getting a job in a traditionally defensive sector, such as government, military, education, healthcare, and such. And as an investor, in order to hedge against inflation, what you can do is to buy into commodities, hold on to them, and sit tight. Gold and oil and uranium and food and other resources are going higher. Much, much higher. We ain't seen nothing yet.
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Singapore CPI inflation rate for May 2008 continues at 26-year high of 7.5%
Singapore's consumer prices rose at a slower-than-expected pace last month [May 2008], reducing the need for further currency gains to rein in inflation. The consumer price index [CPI] jumped 7.5% from a year earlier, matching April's 26-year high record, the Department of Statistics said [23 Jun 2008]. The Monetary Authority of Singapore [MAS] had forecast a 5-6% inflation rate for 2008. The central bank has allowed its currency to strengthen against the US dollar, saying the exchange rate remains its most effective tool to fight inflation.
- The Singapore inflation rate is reportedly stabilizing and analysts are already predicting that it will come down in the second half of 2008. Singapore M3 money supply figures also appear to be stabilizing around the 12-13% level in the past half year, down from a high of 23.62% in 2007. But the money supply growth rate is only half the story - the other half is its relationship to the growth of available goods and services in the economy. For the inflation rate to be stable, economic growth has to at least keep up with money supply growth. With a looming global economic slowdown and imminent worldwide recession, the economic growth factor is the big wildcard.
Gold and crude oil prices may have paused from breaking new all-time record highs for the time being, but the inflationary storm is far from over as yet. We may only be passing through the eye of the hurricane here - just when people start to get lulled into complacency, the winds of inflation could well pick up with renewed force - perhaps even stronger than ever. We need to remain vigilant against inflation. This is no time to let down your guard yet.
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lionnoisy,
You are one of the biggest moron in sgForums, I stand by this statement.
The Lion in the Wizard of Oz was a coward, but you are like a two in one, Scarecrow and Lion all rolled into one.
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Tx for nice pics.
Oz banks and non--banks are looking high and low for funds.
In the June quarter ,Oz financial corporations(incl banks and non--banks)
received net funds of A$20.8(3.4+11.1+6.3) from gavaman ,
non--financial corps and foreign sources.
This is in sharp contrast of net flow of funds A$13.5 only
from the above 3 sources(4.5+64.1-55.1)in the 2007/2008 financial year
ends at June 2008!!
http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Latestproducts/5232.0Main%20Features2Jun%202008?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=5232.0&issue=Jun%202008&num=&view=
http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/BC69FBC0DBD1B27BCA2574CF0013F7F7/$File/52320_jun%202008.pdf
RBA took billionS of RMBA INTO BALANCE sheet
64 billions----6% of GDP!!
Besides the total A$8 billions acquisitions in 2 purchses ,
few pple knows RBA bought another A$58 b of RMBA!!
In such circumstances, the RBA would be prepared to conduct repurchase agreements in RMBS backed by mortgages originated by the institution undertaking the repo (so-called ‘self securitisations’). To date, 11 institutions have created these self-securitisations, with the total stock of these currently
standing at around $58 billion.FINANCIAL STABILITY REVIEW by Reserve Bank of Australia--Sept 2008,
page 31 of 74,
www.rba.gov.au
http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24409158-20142,00.html
http://www.news.com.au/business/story/0,27753,24403645-462,00.html
pl refer to my posting in page 1 of this thread.
So it can explains the assets and liabilities of RBA increases damn fast!!
mm
nnnn
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USA and Oz is just a twin brothers.
The economic data looks very alike.
http://www.debtdeflation.com/blogs/
below--Australia
I have seen else where that USA is almost the same!!
Financial assest vs liability of RBA,banks and non--banks
u can go to DOWNLOAD from here
http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Latestproducts/5232.0Main%20Features2Jun%202008?opendocument&tabname=Summary&prodno=5232.0&issue=Jun%202008&num=&view=
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Millions dollars question--
what will happen to FX rate if Oz $$ deposit interest rate comes
down again?
100 Percentage likelihood of a 0.5% rate cut at the November RBA meeting
How is this calculated?*
http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/business/
http://www.asx.com.au/sfe/targetratetracker.htm
sources
,,,
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Singapore stagflation : May 2008 exports fell most in 17 months; inflation at 26-year highs
<!-- ADDTHIS BUTTON BEGIN --> <!-- ADDTHIS BUTTON END -->
This article belongs to the Singapore stagflation watch story arc.
Singapore's exports fell the most in 17 months in May [2008] as the island's manufacturers shipped fewer electronics and other goods to the US and Europe. Non-oil domestic exports dropped 10.5% from a year earlier, the trade promotion agency said today [17 Jun 2008]. Manufacturers across Asia face easing demand amid slowing growth in the US, the region's largest overseas market. Pharmaceutical shipments dropped 48.5% in May from a year earlier, while electronics shipments slipped 8.5%, the 16th consecutive drop. Semiconductor shipments dropped 12.6%. Sales to the European Union fell 28% in May and US shipments dropped 22.3%.
- The Singapore economy continues to be confronted by stagflation as economic weakness persists and shows signs of actually worsening, while inflation continues to run at 26-year highs. As I have commented earlier, this is as classic as it gets regarding the definition of stagflation : stagnant or slowing economic growth in a time of rising inflation.
Sure, biotech manufacturing is subject to some "lumpiness" as equipment needs to be cleaned and re-setup for the next batch of medicines, but a 48.5% drop year-on-year? This is as good as "falling off the cliff", a sinking sensation that many in the peakoiler community are very, very familiar with. And electronics? 16 consecutive drops in 16 months. They could be trying for some kind of record here, together with semiconductors. A very ugly picture, especially given that inflation is still ongoing, and crude oil continues to set new record highs regularly.
This is the kind of situation that can lead to restlessness amongst the population, and in extreme cases descend into disorder and chaos and in fact it already has in some countries. You can be very sure that the government has got to be very concerned about it. Meanwhile, as an individual, in order to hedge against slowing economic growth, you might want to look into getting a job in a traditionally defensive sector, such as government, military, education, healthcare, and such. And as an investor, in order to hedge against inflation, what you can do is to buy into commodities, hold on to them, and sit tight. Gold and oil and uranium and food and other resources are going higher. Much, much higher. We ain't seen nothing yet.
-
Singapore CPI inflation rate for May 2008 continues at 26-year high of 7.5%
Singapore's consumer prices rose at a slower-than-expected pace last month [May 2008], reducing the need for further currency gains to rein in inflation. The consumer price index [CPI] jumped 7.5% from a year earlier, matching April's 26-year high record, the Department of Statistics said [23 Jun 2008]. The Monetary Authority of Singapore [MAS] had forecast a 5-6% inflation rate for 2008. The central bank has allowed its currency to strengthen against the US dollar, saying the exchange rate remains its most effective tool to fight inflation.
- The Singapore inflation rate is reportedly stabilizing and analysts are already predicting that it will come down in the second half of 2008. Singapore M3 money supply figures also appear to be stabilizing around the 12-13% level in the past half year, down from a high of 23.62% in 2007. But the money supply growth rate is only half the story - the other half is its relationship to the growth of available goods and services in the economy. For the inflation rate to be stable, economic growth has to at least keep up with money supply growth. With a looming global economic slowdown and imminent worldwide recession, the economic growth factor is the big wildcard.
Gold and crude oil prices may have paused from breaking new all-time record highs for the time being, but the inflationary storm is far from over as yet. We may only be passing through the eye of the hurricane here - just when people start to get lulled into complacency, the winds of inflation could well pick up with renewed force - perhaps even stronger than ever. We need to remain vigilant against inflation. This is no time to let down your guard yet.
-
Singapore economy stuck in mud : inflation rising, M3 falling, GDP crashing - the stagflation formula
This article belongs to the Singapore stagflation watch story arc.
mas.gov.sg -> mas.gov.sg (pdf) :
The latest Singapore money supply figures are out. For the month of Dec 2007, the Singapore M3 money supply growth has continued to slow, and it now stands at 14.14% year-on-year. However, real inflation shows no signs of abating because we are at the point where economic growth is falling (crashing) faster than M3 money supply growth is slowing. The Singapore economy is thus stuck in mud, and the stagflation formula goes as follows :
14.14% M3 growth - (-4.8% economic growth) = 18.94% real inflation rate.
For your reference, the money supply figures for the year of 2007 are as follows (click here for the spreadsheet if the inline frame is not shown) :
As you can see, in 2007 we have been roaring along with an average M3 money supply growth of 20.6% year-on-year. It was only in the last 3 months (Oct-Dec 2007) that the money supply growth has slowed down considerably.
However, if anything else, this is even worse than the time where it was reported on this blog when M3 growth hit a high of 23.62% back in Jun 2007. At the time, GDP growth was reported to be a still-healthy 8.6% so the M3-to-GDP differential was 23.62% - 8.6% = 15.02% then.
Hence, for myself and for those of you readers who subscribe to the classic Austrian-school definition of monetary inflation as money supply growth relative to economic growth, the fight to maintain our purchasing power has just gotten a lot harder, and this stagflationary environment just makes things even worse.
See also :
1. Singapore 2007Q4 GDP contracted 4.8%, 2008 economic growth forecast lowered
2. Singapore economy shrinks first time since 2003
3. Singapore CPI inflation hits new 25-year high of 4.4% in December
4. Singapore : Inflation rate could push past 6% in Q1 2008(2008-02-25 13:10:42 SGT) [Biz] Permalink Comments [1]
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Rising inflation across Asia mauls Singapore Reits
Trusts may still get big lift from higher rents, higher hotel rates, say analystsSOARING inflation across Asia has sucked the life out of real estate investment trusts (Reits), whose high-yielding dividends have made them wildly popular among investors in recent years.
Investors had wrongly penalised Reits with concerns over acquisition growth and credit-tightening conditions. They have ignored the ‘organic’ boost Reits may get from higher rents and hotel rates. - MORGAN STANLEY, in a report recommending property trusts to its clients — ST FILE PHOTOReits, in general, have fallen about 32.5 per cent in value from their peaks last year, but those with assets in inflation-prone economies, such as China, have fared even worse, according to financial portal Shareinvestor.com.
CapitaRetail China Trust, for instance, has fallen 52 per cent in four months, as inflation in China galloped to 7.1 per cent - its highest level in over a decade.
Reits are financial instruments investing in real estate like shopping malls, office buildings and hotels.
Investors can buy units, which are much like shares, offering attractive dividend yields of 6 per cent to 8 per cent derived from rents.
This is far higher than the 1.5 per cent interest on one-year fixed deposits at a bank.
Historically, a low interest rate environment has been good for Reits - if accompanied by low inflation.
Take CapitaMall Trust, the first Reit listed in Singapore. Its assets include the Tampines Mall and Junction 8 shopping centres.
It received an overwhelming response from investors when it listed six years ago, rising from just 96 cents in July 2002 to a record high of $4.32 in July last year. Inflation played its part by staying at a benign 1 per cent.
As the consumer price index, however, surged from 1.3 per cent in June to 4.4 per cent in December, CapitaMall slid 20 per cent over the period.
The inflation pressure is unlikely to abate in the near future.
Last week, the Government revised its estimates upwards to between 4.5 per cent and 5.5 per cent for the year, from an earlier forecast of 3.5 per cent to 4.5 per cent.
So, while fears of a United States recession are causing much grief among investors as they watch the value of their growth stocks evaporate, inflation is becoming a big threat to those with high dividend-yield plays like Reits.
One trader explained: ‘A Reit may offer 6 per cent in dividend yield. But if inflation is running at 4.5 per cent, the actual yield an investor is getting is only 1.5 per cent.’
To compensate for the lower return, an investor will demand a lower price for the Reit, which escalates the pressure on its share price.
Still, analysts have not stopped promoting Reits, despite their lacklustre performance, to clients.
Morgan Stanley made a case last month with a report arguing that investors had wrongly penalised Reits with concerns over acquisition growth and credit-tightening conditions.
Investors have ignored the ‘organic’ boost Reits may get from higher rents as leases expire and hotel rates are jacked up during peak periods.
Citigroup noted on Tuesday that while there may not be a clear growth strategy for Reits this year, some are trading at hefty discounts to their net asset values, despite offering single-digit or even double-digit dividend yields.
‘This makes Reits potential takeover targets, if they have loose shareholding structures,’ it added.
Its top picks include Ascendas Reit, Suntec Reit and Parkway Life Reit.
Source : Straits Times - 23 Feb 2008
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List of Falling Singapore Stocks:
-
1700 B.C.E.
- Ahmes (c. 1650 B.C.E.) *MT
700 B.C.E.
- Baudhayana (c. 700)
600 B.C.E.
- Thales of Miletus (c. 630-c 550) *MT
- Apastamba (c. 600)
- Anaximander of Miletus (c. 610-c. 547) *SB
- Pythagoras of Samos (c. 570-c. 490) *SB *MT
- Anaximenes of Miletus (fl. 546) *SB
- Cleostratus of Tenedos (c. 520)
500 B.C.E.
- Katyayana (c. 500)
- Nabu-rimanni (c. 490)
- Kidinu (c. 480)
- Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (c. 500-c. 428) *SB *MT
- Zeno of Elea (c. 490-c. 430) *MT
- Antiphon of Rhamnos (the Sophist) (c. 480-411) *SB *MT
- Oenopides of Chios (c. 450?) *SB
- Leucippus (c. 450) *SB *MT
- Hippocrates of Chios (fl. c. 440) *SB
- Meton (c. 430) *SB
- Hippias of Elis (fl. c. 425) *SB *MT
- Theodorus of Cyrene (c. 425)
- Socrates (469-399)
- Philolaus of Croton (d. c. 390) *SB
- Democritus of Abdera (c. 460-370) *SB *MT
400 B.C.E.
- Hippasus of Metapontum (or of Sybaris or Croton) (c. 400?)
- Archytas of Tarentum (of Taras) (c. 428-c. 347) *SB *MT
- Plato (427-347) *SB *MT
- Theaetetus of Athens (c. 415-c. 369) *MT
- Leodamas of Thasos (fl. c. 380) *SB
- Leon (fl. c. 375) *SB
- Eudoxus of Cnidos (c. 400-c. 347) *SB *MT
- Callipus of Cyzicus (fl. c. 370) *SB
- Xenocrates of Chalcedon (c. 396-314)
- Heraclides of Pontus (c. 390-c. 322)
- Bryson of Heraclea (c 350?)
- Menaechmus (c. 350) *SB
- Theudius of Magnesia (c. 350?)
- Thymaridas (c. 350)
- Dinostratus (fl. c. 350) *SB
- Speusippus (d. 339)
- Aristotle (384-322) *SB *MT
- Aristaeus the Elder (fl. c. 350-330) *SB *MT
- Eudemus of Rhodes (the Peripatetic) (fl. c. 335) *SB
300 B.C.E.
- Autolycus of Pitane (fl. c. 300) *SB
- Euclid (fl. c. 295) *SB *MT
- Aristarchus of Samos (c. 310-230) *SB *MT
- Archimedes of Syracuse (287-212) *SB *MT
- Philo of Byzantium (fl. c. 250) *SB
- Nicoteles of Cyrene (c. 250)
- Strato (c. 250)
- Persius (c. 250?)
- Eratosthenes of Cyrene (c. 276-c. 195) *SB *MT
- Chrysippus (280-206)
- Conon of Samos (fl. c. 245) *SB
- Apollonius of Perga (c. 260-c. 185) *SB *MT
- Nicomedes (c. 240?) *SB *MT
- Dositheus of Alexandria (fl. c. 230) *SB
- Perseus (fl. 300-70 B.C.E.?) *SB
200 B.C.E.
- Dionysodorus of Amisus (c. 200?) *SB
- Diocles of Carystus (fl. c. 180) *SB *MT
- Hypsicles of Alexandria (fl. c. 175) *SB *MT
- Hipparchus of Nicaea (c. 180-c. 125) *MT
- Umaswati (c. 150)
100 B.C.E.
- Zenodorus (c. 100?? BCE?)
- Posidonius (c. 135-c. 51) *SB
- Marcus Terentius Varro (116-27)
- Zeno of Sidon (c. 79 BCE)
- Geminus of Rhodes (fl. c. 77 BCE) *SB
- Cleomedes (c. 40? BCE?) *SB
1 C.E.
- Theodosius of Tripoli (c. 50? CE?)
- Pamphila (c. 60 CE)
- Heron of Alexandria (fl. 62 C.E.) (Hero) *SB *MT
100 C.E.
- Balbus (fl. c. 100) *SB
- Menelaus of Alexandria (c. 100 CE) *MT *SB
- Nicomachus of Gerasa (c. 100) *SB
- Zhang Heng (78-139)
- Theon of Smyrna (c. 125)
- Ptolemy (Claudius Ptolemaeus) (c. 100-c. 170) *SB *MT
- Marinus of Tyre (c. 150)
- Nehemiah (c. 150)
- Apuleius of Madaura (Lucius Apuleius) (c. 124-c. 170)
200 C.E.
- Diogenes Laertius (c. 200)
- Liu Hong (fl. 178-187)
- Wang Fan (217-257)
- Diophantus of Alexandria (c. 250?) *SB *MT
- Sun Zi (c. 250?)
- Zhao Shuang (Jun Qing) (c. 260)
- Liu Hui (c. 263) *SB
- Porphyry (c. 234-c. 305) (Malchus the Tyrian, Porphyrius)
- Anatolius of Alexandria (fl. c. 269) *SB
- Sporus (c. 280)
- Iamblichus (c. 250-c. 350) *SB
- Xiahou Yang (c. 350?)
300 C.E.
- Pappus of Alexandria (fl. c. 300-c. 350) *SB *MT
- Serenus of Antinopolis (c. 350)
- Pandrosion (c. 350)
- Theon of Alexandria (c. 390)
- Martianus Capella (c. 365-440) *SB
- Synesius of Cyrene (c. 370-c. 413)
- Hypatia of Alexandria (c. 370-415) *SB *MT
400 C.E.
- Dominus of Larissa (fl. c. 450) *SB
- Proclus Diadochus (410-485) *SB *MT
- Zhang Qiujian [Chang Ch'iu-chien] (c. 450?)
- Zu Chongzhi (Wenyuan) [Tsu Ch'ung-chih] (429-500) *MT
- Eutocius of Ascalon (fl. c. 480) *SB
- Marinus of Sichem (Neapolis) (c. 480?) *SB
500 C.E.
- Metrodorus (c. 500)
- Anicius Maulius Severinus Boethius (c. 480-524) *MT
- Simplicius of Cilicia (c. 530)
- Anthemius of Tralles (d. c. 534) *SB *MT
- Aryabhata (476-c. 550) *SB *MT
- Flavius Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus (c. 480-c. 575) *SB
- John Philoponus (c. 490) *SB
- Varahamihira (c. 505-c. 558)
- Isidorus of Miletus (c. 540?) *SB
- Eutocius of Ascalon (c. 550?)
- Liu Zhuo (544-610)
- Zhen Luan (Shuzun) (fl. 566)
- Isidore of Seville (c. 560-636) *SB
600
- Brahmagupta (c. 598-c. 670) *MT
- Wang Xiaotong [Wang Hs'iao-t'ung] (fl. c. 625)
- Li Chunfeng (fl. 664)
- Bede (673-735) *SB
700
- Yi Xing (683-727)
- Levensita (fl. 718)
- Alcuin of York (c. 735-804) *SB *MT
- Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Fazari (fl. c. 771) *SB
800
- Banu Musa (Muhammad, Ahmand, and al-Hasan, sons of Musa ibn Shakir) (ninth century) *SB
- al-Hajjaj ibn Matar (c. 800)
- Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (c. 780-c. 850) *SB *MT
- Hrabanus Maurus (784-856)
- Leo the Mathematician (c. 790-post 869) *SB
- Govindaswami (c. 800-850)
- al-Abbas ibn Said al-Jawhari (fl. c. 830) *SB
- Hunayn ibn Ishaq (Johannitius) (808-873)
- Pruthudakaswami (c. 850)
- `Abd al-Hamid ibn Turk (c. 850)
- Ahmad ibn `Abdullah al-Marwazi Habash al-Hasib (fl. 825-870) *SB
- Mahavira (Mahaviracharya) (c. 850) *SB
- Abu `Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Isa al-Mahani (fl. c. 860, d. c. 880) *SB
- Thabit ibn Qurra (836-901) *MT
- al-Fadl al-Nayrizi (c. 880)
- Qusta ibn Luka (d. 912)
- Abu Kamil Shuja ibn Aslam ibn Muhammad ibn Shuja (c. 850-c. 930) *SB
- Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi (Rhazes) (c. 865-c. 932) *SB
- Abu `Abd Allah Mohammad ibn Jabir al-Battani (Albatenius) (c. 858-929) *SB *MT
- Abu Nasr Muhammad ibn Muhammad Tarkhan ibn Awzalagh al-Farabi (Alpharabius) (c. 870-c. 950) *SB
- Abu'l-Abbas al-Fadl ibn al-Nayrizi (fl. c. 897, d. c. 922) *SB
900
- Sridhara (c. 900)
- Ahmad ibn Yusuf (fl. c. 900-905) *SB
- Ibrahim ibn Sinan ibn Thabit ibn Qurra (909-946) *SB
- Manjula (c. 930)
- Abu Sahl al-Kuhi (c. 950)
- Abu l'Hasan al-Uqlidisi (c. 952)
- `Abd al-`Aziz al-Qabisi (c. 950) *SB
- Prashastidhara (fl. 958)
- Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Khorasani al-Khazin (d. c. 965) *SB
- Aryabhata II (fl. c.? 950-1100) *SB
- Muhammad Abu'l-Wafa al-Buzjani (940-998) *SB *MT
- Gerbert d'Aurillac, Pope Sylvester II (c. 945-1003) *SB
- Abd al-Jalil al-Sijzi (c. 970)
- Abu'l-Hasan ibn Yunus (950-1009) *MT
- Abu Mahmud Hamid ibn al-Knidr al-Khujandi (d. c. 1000) *SB
- Abu `Ali al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) (c. 965-c. 1039) *SB *MT
- Abu l-Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni (973-1055)
- Halayudha (c. 975)
- Abu Sahl Wayjan ibn Rustam al-Quhi (fl. 970-1000) *SB
- Abu l-Quasim Maslama ibn Ahmad al-Faradi al-Majriti (fl. 980-1000) *SB
1000
- Jayadeva (c. 1000)
- Abu Ali al-Husain ibn 'Abdullah ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980-1037)
- Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn al-Husayn al-Karaji (al Karkhi) (c. 1000) *SB
- Abu `Abdallah al-Hasan ibn al-Baghdadi (c. 1000)
- Al-Jili Kushyar ibn Labban ibn Bashahri (c. 1000) *SB
- Abu Nasr ibn Ali Mansur ibn Iraq (d. 1030) *SB
- Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Muadh al-Jayyani (c. 990-post 1079) *SB
- Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi (c. 1025)
- Ali ibn Ahmad al-Nasawi (fl. 1029-1044) *SB
- Hermann of Reichenan (Contractus) (1013-1054) *SB
- Sripathi (fl. 1039)
- Michael Constantine Psellus (1018-1078) *SB
- Jia Xian (c. 1050)
- Shen Kuo (1031-1095)
- `Umar al-Khayyami (Omar Khayyam) (c. 1048-c. 1131) *SB *MT
- Adelard of Bath (1075-1164) *SB *MT
1100
- Peter Abelard (1079-1142)
- Hemachandra Suri (b. 1089)
- Abraham ben Meir ibn Ezra (Avenare) (c. 1090-c. 1167) *SB
- Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Yahya ibn al-Sa'igh ibn Bajja (Avenpace) (d. 1139) *SB
- Abu Muhammad Jabir ibn Aflah al-Ishbili (Geber) (c. 1125) *SB
- John of Seville (c. 1125)
- Domingo Gundisalvo (c. 1125)
- Abraham bar Hiyya ha-Nasi (Savasorda) (c. 1125) *SB
- Plato of Tivoli (c. 1125) *SB
- Girard of Cremona (1114-1187) *MT
- Abu-l-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Rushd (Averroes) (1126-1198)
- Bhaskara (1114-c. 1185) *MT
- Ibn Yahya al-Samaw'al (1125-1180)
- Gerard of Cremona (c. 1114-1187)
- `Abd al-Rahman al-Khazini (c. 1150)
- Robert of Chester (c. 1150)
- Sharaf al-Din at-Tusi (c. 1175)
- Robert Grosseteste (c. 1168-1253) *SB *MT
- Leonardo Fibonacci of Pisa (C. 1170-post 1240) *SB *MT
1200
- Cangadeva (fl. 1205)
- Li Zhi (Li Ye) (Jingzhai) (1192-1279) *SB
- Albertus magnus (1193-1280)
- William Sherwood (c. 1195-1249)
- Albertus Magnus (c. 1200-1280) *SB
- Nasir al-Din at-Tusi (1201-1274)
- Zakariya ibn Muhammad ibn Mahmud al-Qazwini (c. 1203-1283) *SB
- Alexandre de Villedieu (c. 1225)
- Liu Yi (fl. c. 1225)
- Michael Scot (d. c. 1235) *SB
- John of Halifax (Sacrobosco) (c. 1200-1256)
- Qin Jiushao (Daogu) [Chin Chiu-shao] (c. 1202-c. 1261) *SB
- Campanus of Novara (c. 1205-1296) *SB
- Peter of Spain (1210-1277)
- Jordanus de Nemore (fl. 1220-1260) *SB *MT
- John of Palermo (fl. 1221-1240) *SB
- Girard of Brussels (fl. c. 1235) *SB
- Roger Bacon (c. 1219-c. 1292) *SB
- William of Moerbeke (c. 1225-1286) *SB
- John Pecham (c. 1230-1292) *SB
- Guo Shoujing (1231-1316)
- Yang Hui (Qianguang) (fl. 1261-1275) *MT
- Muhammad al-Khalili (c. 1250)
- Witelo (Vitellio) (fl. 1250-1275)
- Muhyi 'l-Din al-Maghribi (fl. ca. 160-1265) *SB
- Raymond Lully (1234-1315)
- Wang Xun (1235-1281)
- Georgios Pachymeres (1242-1316)
- Maximos Planudes (c. 1255-1310)
- ibn al-Banna al Marrakushi (1256-1321) *SB
- John Duns Scotus (c. 1266-1308) *SB
- Peter Philomena of Dacia (fl. 1290-1300) *SB
- Walter Burleigh (1273-1357)
1300
- Manuel Moschopoulos (c. 1300)
- Kamal al-Din Abul Hasan Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Farisi (d. 1320) *SB
- Zhu Shijie (Hanqing, Songting) [Chu Shih-chieh] (fl. c. 1280-1303) *SB
- Francis of Meyronnes (c. 1285-c. 1330) *SB
- William of Ockham (c. 1285-c. 1349) *SB *MT
- Levi ben Gerson (1288-1344) *SB
- Richard of Wallingford (c. 1291-1336) *SB
- Thomas Bradwardine (c. 1295-1349) *MT
- Nicholas Rhabdas (d. 1350)
- Jean Buridan (c. 1300-1358)
- Gergory of Rimini (d. 1358)
- John of Meurs (Johannes de Muris) (c. 1343) *SB
- Albert of Saxony (c. 1316-1390) *SB *MT
- Nicole Oresme (c. 1320-1382) *SB *MT
- John of Dumbleton (d. c. 1349)
- William of Heytesbury (fl. c. 1335) *SB
- Dominicus de Clavasio (fl. c. 1346) *SB
- Immanuel Bonfils (c. 1350)
- Giovanni di Casali (c. 1350)
- Narayama Pandit (c. 1350) *SB
- Richard Swineshead (Suiseth, Calculator) (c. 1350)
- Ding Ju (fl. 1355)
- Marsilius of Inghen (c. 1330-1396) *SB
- John of Cornubia (fl. c. 1360)
- Peter of Mantua (fl. c. 1360)
- Madhava of Sangamagramma (c. 1340-1425)
- Ralph Strode (fl. 1370)
- He Pingzi (fl. 1373)
- Antonio de Mazzinghi (b. c. 1353)
- Qadi Zada al-Rumi (Salah al-Din Musa Pasha) (c. 1364-c. 1436) *SB
1400
- Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446)
- Paramesvara (c. 1380-c. 1460) *SB
- John of Gmunden (c. 1382-1442) *SB
- Ghy`iyath al_d`Din Jamshid Masud al-Kashi (d. 1429) *SB
- Nicolette Paulus of Venice (d. 1429)
- Ulugh Beg (1394-1449) *MT
- Paolo del Pozzo Toscanelli (1397-1482)
- Liu Shilong (fl. 1424)
- Nicolas of Cusa (1401-1464) *SB *MT
- Leone Battista Alberti (1404-1472) *SB *MT
- Ghiyath al-Din al-Kashi (d. 1429) *MT
- Piero della Francesca (c. 1410-1492) *MT
- Abu l'Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Ali al-Qalasadi (1412-1486) *SB
- George Peurbach (1423-1461)
- Johannes Campanus (c. 1450)
- Wu Jing (fl. 1450)
- Piero Borgi (d. c. 1484) *MT
- Johann Müller of Königsberg (Regiomontanus) (1436-1476) *SB *MT
- Luca Pacioli (c. 1445-c. 1514) *SB *MT
- Nicolas Chuquet (c. 1445-c. 1500) *SB *MT
- Nilakantha Somayaji (1445-1545)
- Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) *SB *MT
- Jacques le Fèvre d'Estaples (Stapulensis) (c. 1455-c.1536)
- Nilakantha Somayaji (1455-1555)
- Johann Widman (1462-1498) *MT
- Scipione del Ferro (1465-1526) *SB *MT
- Peter of Tartaret (fl. 1490-1500)
- Johannes Werner (1468-1522) *MT
- John Maior (1469-1550) *SB
- Jean Dullaert of Chent (c. 1470-1513) *SB *W
- Charles de Bouvelles (c. 1470-c. 1553) *W
- Pedro Sánchez Ciruelo (c. 1470-1554) *SB
- Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528) *SB *MT *W
- Federico Grisogono (Federicus de Chrysogonius) (1472-1538) *W
- Nicolas Copernicus (1473-1543) *SB *MT *W
- Cuthbert Tonstall (1474-1559) *MT *W
1500
- Johann Mayoris Scott (1478-1540)
- Alvarus Thomas (fl. 1509) *W
- Gaspar Lax (1487-1560) *SB *W
- Michael Stifel (c. 1487-1567) *MT *W
- Francisco de Mello (1490-1536) *W
- Juan de Celaya (c. 1490-1558) *SB *W
- Estienne de La Roche (fl. c. 1520) *SB *W
- Adam Riese (1492-1559) *SB *W
- Johannes Buteo (c. 1492-1570) *W
- Luis Vives (1492-1589)
- Oronce Fine (Fineus) (1494-1555) *W
- Johann Scheubel (1494-1570)
- Francesco Maurolico (1494-1575) *SB *W
- Peter Apian (1495-1552) *W *SB
- Philip Schwartzerd (Melanchthon) (1497-1560)
- Andrias Osiander (1498-1552) *W
- William Buckley (d. c. 1550)
- Christoff Rudolff (c. 1500-c. 1545) *SB *MT *W
- Niccolò Fontana of Brescia (Tartaglia) (c. 1500-1557) *MT *W
- Sankara Variar (c. 1500-1560)
- Narayana (c. 1500-1575)
- Girolamo Cardano (1501-1576) *SB *MT *W
- Pedro Nunes (Nonius) (1502-1578) *SB *W
- Johannes Sturm (1507-1589)
- Gemma Regnier (Frisius) (1508-1555)
- Federico Commandino (1509-1575) *SB *W
- Robert Recorde (1510-1558) *SB *MT *W
- Gerardus Mercator (Kremer) (1512-1594) *SB *MT *W
- Georg Joachim Rheticus (1514-1574) *SB *MT *W
- Pierre de la Ramée (Ramus) (1515-1572) *SB *W
- Jacques Peletier (1517-1582) *SB *W
- Leonard Digges (c. 1520-1559) *SB *W
- Ludovico Ferrari (1522-1565) *SB *MT *W
1550
- Raphael Bombelli (c. 1526-1572) *MT *W
- John Dee (1527-1608) *SB *W
- Francesco Patrizi (1529-1597) *SB *W
- Giovanni Battista Benedetti (1530-1590) *SB *W
- Cunradus Dasypodius (c. 1530-1600) *SB *W
- Jyesthadeva (c. 1550)
- Wilhelm Holzmann (Xylander) (1532-1576)
- Giambattista della Porta (1535-1615) *SB *W
- Egnatio Danti (1536-1586) *SB *W
- Francesco Barozzi (1537-1604) *SB *W
- Christophorus Clavius (Christolf Klau) (1537-1612) *SB *MT *W
- François Viète (Vieta) (1540-1603) *MT *W
- Ostilio Ricci (1540-1603) *SB *W
- Ludolph van Ceulen (1540-1610) *SB *MT *W
- Adriaan Anthonisz (c. 1543-1620) *W
- Guidobaldo del Monte (1545-1607) *SB *W
- Paul Wittich (c. 1546-1586) *W
- Thomas Digges (c. 1546-1595) *SB *MT *W
- Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) *MT *W
- François d'Aguilon (1546-1617) *W *SB
- Xu Xinlu (fl. 1573)
- Giodano Bruno (1548-1600) *W
- Simon Stevin (1548-1620) *MT *W
- Henry Savile (1549-1622) *MT
- John Napier (1550-1617) *SB *MT *W
- Valintin Otho (1550-1605)
- Michael Mästlin (1550-1631) *W
- Acyuta Pisarati (c. 1550-1621)
- Juan Battista Villalpando (1552-1608) *W
- Matteo Ricci (1552-1610) *SB *W
- Luca Valerio (1552-1618) *MT *W
- Pietro Antonio Caltaldi (1552-1626) *SB *MT *W
- Jobst Bürgi (1552-1632) *MT *W
- Bernadino Baldi (1553-1617) *SB *W
- Giovanni Antonio Magini (1555-1617) *SB *W
- Niccolo Longobardi (1559-1654)
- Thomas Harriot (c. 1560-1621) *SB *MT *W
- Bartholomäus Pitiscus (1561-1613) *SB *W
- Adriaen van Roomen (Adrianus Romanus) (1561-1615) *SB *MT *W
- Edward Wright (1561-1615) *W
- Francis Bacon (1561-1626) *SB *W
- Henry Briggs (1561-1631) *MT *W
- Philip van Lansberge (1561-1632) *SB *W
- Thomas Fink (1561-1656) *SB *W
- Xu Guangqi (1562-1633)
- Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) *SB *MT *W
- Li Zhizao (Zhenzhi) (1565-1630)
- Marin Getaldic (Marino Ghetaldi) (1568-1626) *SB *MT *W
- Cheng Dawei (Rusi, Binqu)(fl. 1592)
- Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) *SB *MT *W
- Adriaen Metius (1571-1635) *SB *W
- Samuel Marolois (c. 1572-1627)
1600
- William Oughtred (1575-1660) *SB *MT *W
- Mori Kambei Shigeyoshi (fl. 1600-1628)
- Johann Terrenz Schreck (1576-1630)
- Paul Guldin (1577-1643) *W
- Li Tianjing (1579-1659)
- Willebrond Snel (1580-1626) *MT *W
- Denis Henrion (c. 1580-1632) *SB *W
- Johann Faulhaber (1580-1635) *SB *W
- Edmund Gunter (1581-1626) *SB *MT *W
- Claude-Gaspar Bachet de Méziriac (1581-1638) *SB *RB *MT *W
- Alexander Anderson (1582-c. 1620)
- Giulio Aleni (1582-1649)
- Gregory of St. Vincent (1584-1667) *RB *W
- Claude Mydorge (1585-1647) *SB *MT *W
- Jan Brozek (Broscius) (1585-1652) *W
- Joachim Jungius (1587-1657) *SB *W
- Isaac Beeckman (1588-1637) *SB *W
- Johann Heinrich Alsted (1588-1638)
- Marin Mersenne (1588-1648) *SB *RB *MT *W
- Étienne Pascal (1588-1651) *SB *MT *W
- Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) *W
- Girard Desargues (1591-1661) *SB *MT *W
- Johann Adam Schall von Bell (1591-1666)
- Jean Leurechon (c. 1591-1670) *SB
- Wilhelm Schickard (1592-1635) *W
- Giacomo Rho (1593-1638)
- Pierre Hérigone (d. c. 1643) *SB *W
- Albert Girard (c. 1595-1632) *SB *MT *W
- Jean Beaugrand (c. 1595-1640) *SB *MT *W
- René du Perron Descartes (1596-1650) *SB *RB *MT *W
- Richard Delamain (d. c. 1645) *SB *MT *W
- Jean-Charles de la Faille (1597-1652) *SB *W
- Bonaventura Cavalieri (1598-1647) *RB *MT *W
- Yoshida Shichibei Koyu (1598-1672)
- Claude Hardy (c. 1598-c. 1678) *SB *W
1625
- Antoine de Lalouvère (1600-1664) *SB *RB *W
- Adriaan Vlacq (Vlaccus) (1600-1667) *W *W
- Pierre de Carcavi (c. 1600-1684) *SB *W
- Florimond Debeaune (1601-1652) *SB *MT *W
- Pierre de Fermat (1601-1665) *RB *MT *W
- B\Jacques de Billy (1602-1675) *W
- Gilles Personne de Roberval (1602-1675) *SB *RB *MT *W
- Abraham Bosse (1602-1676) *W
- Bernard Frénicle de Bessy (c. 1605-1675) *SB *RB *W
- Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz (1606-1682) *SB *W
- Honoré Fabri (1607-1688) *SB *MT *W
- Evangelista Torricelli (1608-1647) *RB *MT *W
- Giovanni Alfonso Borelli (1608-1679) *W
- Jan Jansz de Jonge Stampioen (1610-post 1689) *W
- Jean Nicolas Smogulecki (1611-1656)
- John Pell (1611-1685) *SB *RB *MT *W
- Jacques-Alexandre Le Tenneur (fl. 1640-1650) *SB *W
- André Tacquet (1612-1660) *W
- Antoine Arnaule (1612-1694) *SB *W
- Jean-François Niceron (1613-1616) *SB *W
- John Wilkins (1614-1672) *MT
- Frans van Schooten (1615-1660) *RB *MT *W
- John Wallis (1616-1703) *RB *MT *W
- Claude Mylon (c. 1618-c.1660) *SB *W
- Alfons Anton de Sarasa (1618-1667)
- Gabriel Mouton (1618-1694) *SB *W
- Michelangelo Ricci (1619-1682) *SB *W
- William Brouncker (1620-1684) *RB *MT *W
- Nicolas Mercator (Kaufman) (1620-1687) *RB *MT *W
- Claude François Milliet Descheles (1621-1678) *SB *W
- Bernhard Varenius (1622-c. 1650) *W
- Johann Heinrich Rahn (1622-1676) *MT
- René François Walther de Sluse (1622-1685) *RB *MT *W
- Adrien Auzout (1622-1691) *SB *W
- Vincenzo Viviani (1622-1703) *RB *MT *W
- Stefano degli Angeli (1623-1697) *SB *MT *W
- Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) *SB *RB *MT *W
1650
- Arnold Geulincx (1625-1669)
- Jan De Witt (1625-1672) *MT *W
- John Collins (1625-1683) *SB *RB *W
- Pietro Mengoli (1625-1686) *MT*SB *W
- Samuel Morland (1625-1695) *SB *W
- Erasmus Bartolin (1625-1698) *SB *W
- Jean-Dominique Cassini (1625-1712) *SB *MT *W
- Robert Boyle (1627-1691) *MT
- Jan Hudde (1628-1704) *SB *RB *MT *W
- Christiaan Huygens (1629-1695) *SB *RB *MT *W
- Isaac Barrow (1630-1677) *SB *RB *MT *W
- Xue Fengzuo (d. 1680)
- Christopher Wren (1632-1723) *RB *MT *W
- Hendrik van Heuraet (1633-c. 1660) *SB *W
- Fang Zhongtong (1633-1698)
- Mei Wending (1633-1721)
- Robert Hooke (1635-1702) *SB *RB *MT *W
- William Neile (1637-1670) *MT
- James Gregory (1638-1675) *SB *RB *MT *W
- Georg Mohr (1640-1697) *SB *MT *W
- Bernard Lamy (1640-1715) *SB *W
- Jacques Ozanam (1640-1717) *SB *MT *W
- Phillipe de La Hire (1640-1718) *SB *RB *MT *W
- Seki Shinsuke Kowa (1642-1708) *MT
- Isaac Newton (1642-1727) *SB *RB *MT *W
- Olof Roemer (1644-1710) *RB *W
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) *SB *RB *MT *W
- Giovanni Ceva (1647-1734) *SB *MT *W
- Joseph Raphson (1648-1715) *MT
- Tomasso Ceva (1648-1737) *SB *W
1675
- Ehrenfried Walther von Tchirnhausen (1651-1708) *MT *RB *W
- Michel Rolle (1652-1719) *SB *RB *MT *W
- Jacques Bernoulli (James, Jakob) (1654-1705) *RB *MT *W
- Bernard Nieuwentijt (1654-1718) *SB *W
- Pierre Varignon (1654-1722) *RB *MT *W
- John Craig (d. 1731) *SB *W
- Charles René Reyneau (1656-1728) *SB *W
- Edmund Halley (1656-1743) *SB *RB *MT *W
- Bernard le Bouyer du Fontenelle (1657-1757) *SB *W
- David Gregory (1659-1708) *SB *RB *MT *W
- Joseph Saurin (1659-1737) *RB *W
- Thomas-Fantet de Lagny (1660-1734) *SB *W
- Putumana Somayaji (c. 1660-1740)
- Guillaume-François-Antoine de l'Hospital (1661-1704) *SB *RB *MT *W
- Nakane Genkei (1661-1733)
- Jean-Pierre de Crousaz (1663-1750) *W
- Takebe Kenko (1664-1739)
- Antoine Parent (1666-1716) *RB *W
- Girolamo Saccheri (1667-1733) *MT *W
- John Arbuthnot (1667-1735) *SB *MT
- Jean Bernoulli (John, Johann) (1667-1748) *RB *MT *W
- William Whiston (1667-1752) *MT *W
- Abraham De Moivre (1667-1754) *SB *RB *MT *W
- Leonty Filippovich Magnitsky (1669-1739) *SB *W
- John Keill (1671-1721) *W
- Guido Grandi (1671-1742) *SB *MT *W
- George Cheyne (1671-1743) *SB *W
- Johann Gabriel Doppelmayr (c. 1671-1750) *SB *W
- Christian Wolff (1674-1754) *W
- Humphry Ditton (1675-1715) *RB
- William Jones (1675-1749) *SB *W
1700
- Jaganath Pandit (fl. 1700)
- Chen Shiren (1676-1722)
- Jacopo Francesco Riccati (1676-1754) *SB *RB *MT *W
- Joseph Privat de Molieres (1677-1742) *W
- Jacques Cassini (1677-1756) *SB *W
- Jacques-François Le Poivre (fl. c. 1704) *SB *W
- Pierre-Rémond de Montmort (1678-1719) *SB *RB *W
- Jacob Hermann (1678-1733) *SB *MT *W
- Charles Hayes (1678-1760)
- John Machin (1680-1751)
- Roger Cotes (1682-1716) *SB *RB *MT
- Nicholas Saunderson (1682-1739)
- Giulio Carlo Fagano dei Toschi (1682-1766) *SB *RB
- François Frézier (1682-1773)
- François Nicole (1683-1758) *RB
- Jean-Philippe Rameau (1683-1764)
- Brook Taylor (1685-1731) *RB *MT
- George Berkeley (1685-1733) *MT
- Nicholas Bernoulli (1687-1759) (nephew of Jean) *MT
- Robert Simson (1687-1768) *MT
- Wilhelm Jabob Storm van s'Gravesande (1688-1742) *SB
- Louis Bertrand Castel (1688-1757) *SB *MT
- Christian Goldbach (1690-1764) *SB *MT
- James Sterling (1692-1770) *MT
- Matsunaga Ryohitsu (fl. 1718-1749)
- Jagannatha (fl. c. 1720-1740) *SB
- Nicholas Bernoulli (1695-1726) (son of Jean) *MT
- Colin Maclaurin (1698-1746) *SB *RB *MT
- Pierre Bouguer (1698-1758) *MT
- Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (1698-1759) *SB *MT
- Charles-Étienne-Louis Camus (1699-1768) *SB
1725
- William Braikenridge (c. 1700-post 1759)
- Daniel Bernoulli (1700-1782) *RB *MT
- Nakane Genjun (1701-1761)
- Kurushima Yoshita (d. 1757)
- Thomas Bayes (1702-1752) *SB *MT
- Antoine Deparcieux (1703-1768) *SB
- Gabriel Cramer (1704-1752) *SB *RB *MT
- Alexis Fontaine des Bertins (1704-1771) *SB
- Johann Andrea Segner (1704-1777)
- Johann Castillon (1704-1791) *SB *MT
- Gabrielle-Émilie du Breteuil, Marquise du Châtelet (1706-1749) *SB
- Benjamin Robins (1707-1751)
- Vincenzo Riccati (1707-1775) *SB
- Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) *SB *MT
- Compte de Buffon (1707-1788) *MT
- Thomas Simpson (1710-1761) *RB *MT
- Jean Bernoullii (1710-1790) (son of Jean 1667-1748) *MT
- Rudjer Joseph Boskovic (1711-1787) *MT
- Johann Samuel Koenig (1712-1757) *SB
- Jean-Paul de Gua de Malves (c. 1712-1786) *SB *RB
- Alexis-Claude Clairaut (1713-1765) *SB *RB *MT
- Arima Raido (1714-1783)
- Joachim Georg Darjes (1714-1791)
- Giovanni Francesco Fagano dei Toschi (1715-1797) *SB
- Ming Antu (d. 1765)
- Gottfried Ploucquet (1716-1790)
- Jean le Rond d'Alembert (1717-1783) *SB *R *MT
- Matthew Stewart (1717-1785) *RB
- Maria Gaetana Agnesi (1718-1799) *SB *MT
- John Landen (1719-1790) *SB
- Abraham Gotthelf Kästner (1719-1800) *SB
- Franz Ulrigh Theodosius Aepinus (1724-1802) *SB
1750
- Patrick d'Arcy (1725-1779) *SB
- Jean-Etienne Montucla (1725-1799) *SB *MT
- Johann Heinrich Lambert (1728-1777) *SB *MT
- Paolo Frisi (1728-1784) *SB
- Étienne Bézout (1730-1783) *MT
- Giovanni Francesco Malfatti (1731-1807) *SB
- Francis Maseres (1731-1824) *SB
- W. J. G. Karsten (1732-1787)
- Ajima Naonobu (Chokuyen) (c. 1732-1798) *SB
- Jean Charles Borda (1733-1799) *MT
- Edward Waring (1734-1798) *MT
- François Daviet de Foncenex (1734-1799)
- Fujita Sadasuke (1734-1807)
- Alexandre-Théophile Vandermonde (1735-1796) *MT
- Erland Samuel Bring (1736-1798) *MT
- Charles Augustin Coulomb (1736-1806) *SB *MT
- Joseph Louis Lagrange (1736-1813) *SB *MT
- Charles Hutton (1737-1823) *SB
- José Antonio Alzate y Ramírez (1738-1799) *SB
- Ajima Chokuyen (1739-1783)
- Georg Simon Klügel (1739-1812) *SB
- Anders Johan Lexell (1740-1784) *SB
- John Wilson (1741-1793) *MT
- Carl Friedrich Hindenburg (1741-1808) *SB
- Marie-Jean-Antoine-Nicolas Caritat, Marquis de Condorcet (1743-1794) *SB *MT
- José Anastácio da Cunha (1744-1787)
- Jean-Charles Callet (1744-1799)
- Jean Bernoullie (1744-1807) (son of Jean 1710-1790) *MT
- George Atwood (1745-1807) *SB
- Caspar Wessel (1745-1818) *MT
- Gaspard Monge (1746-1818) *SB *MT
- G. F. Castillon (1747-1800)
- Aida Yasuaki (Ammei) (1747-1817) *SB
- Pietro Cossali (1748-1815)
- John Playfair (1748-1819) *SB *MT
- Trembley (1749-1811)
- Jean-Baptiste Joseph Delambre (1749-1822) *SB *MT
- Pierre Simon de Laplace (1749-1827) *SB *MT
1775
- Lorenzo Mascheroni (1750-1800) *SB *MT
- Simon-Antoine-Jean Lhuiler (1750-1840) *SB *MT
- Adrien-Marie Legendre (1752-1833) *SB *MT
- Salomon Maimon (1753-1800)
- Lazare-Nicolas-Marguerite Carnot (1753-1823) *SB *MT
- Jean-Baptiste-Marie-Charles Meusnier de La Place (1754-1793) *SB
- Jurij Vega (1754-1802) *MT
- Nicolaus Fuss (1755-1826) *SB
- Marc-Antoine Parseval des Chênes (1755-1836) *SB
- Gaspard Clair François Marie Rich de Prony (1755-1839) *MT
- John West (1756-1817) *MT
- Heinrich W. M. Olbers (1758-1840)
- Louis Franç Antoine Arbogaste (1759-1803) *SB
- Sakabe Kohan (1759-1824)
- Christian Kramp (1760-1826) *SB
- Li Huang (d. 1811)
- Jiao Xun (1763-1820)
- Kusaka Sei (1764-1839)
- Ruan Yuan (1764-1849)
- Fujita Kagen (1765-1821)
- Paolo Ruffini (1765-1822) *SB *MT
- Johann Friedrich Pfaff (1765-1825) *SB *MT
- James Ivory (1765-1842) *SB
- Sylvestre-François Lacroix (1765-1843) *SB *MT
- François Joseph Français (1768-1810) *SB
- Wang Lai (Xiaoying, Hengzhai) (1768-1813)
- Jean-Robert Argand (1768-1822) *SB *MT
- Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (1768-1830) *SB *MT
- Pietro Abbati (1768-1842)
- Willaim Wallace (1768-1843) *MT
- François-Joseph Servois (1768-1847) *MT
- Jean-Nicolas-Pierre Hachette (1769-1834) *SB *MT
- Johann Martin Bartels (1769-1836)
- Louis Puissant (1769-1843)
- Marc-Antoine Parseval (?-1836)
- Pasquale Galuppi (1770-1846)
- Joseph Diez Gergonne (1771-1859) *SB *MT
- Li Rui (Shangzhi, Sixiang) (1773-1817)
- Robert Woodhouse (1773-1827) *MT
- Nathaniel Bowditch (1773-1838) *MT
- J. P. Kulik (1773-1863)
- Karl Brandon Mollweide (1774-1825) *SB
- Jean-Baptiste Biot (1774-1862) *MT
1800
- Sankara Varman (c. 1800)
- Jacques Frédéric Français (1775-1833) *SB
- André-Marie Ampère (1775-1836) *SB *MT
- Robert Adrain (1775-1843) *SB
- K. F. Gauber (1775-1851)
- Wolfgang Farkas Bolyai (1775-1856)
- Sophie Germain (1776-1831) *SB *MT
- Peter Barlow (1776-1862) *SB
- Daniel Friedrich Hecht (1777-1833) *SB
- Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855) *SB *MT
- Louis Poinsot (1777-1859) *SB *MT
- Josef Maria Hoene-Wronski (1778-1853) *MT
- John Farrer (1779-1853) *SB
- Benjamin Gumpertz (1779-1865) *SB
- August Leopold Crelle (1780-1855) *SB *MT
- Ferdinand Karl Schweikart (1780-1859)
- Mary Fairfax Greig Somerville (1780-1872)
- Siméon-Denis Poisson (1781-1840) *MT
- Bernhard Bolzano (1781-1848) *MT
- Furukawa Ken (c. 1783-1838)
- Charles-Julien Brianchion (1783-1864) *MT
- Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (1784-1846) *MT
- Pierre-Charles-François Dupin (1784-1873) *SB *MT
1810
- Claude-Louis-Marie-Henri Navier (1785-1836) *SB *MT
- Petr Scheutz (1785-1873)
- Luo Tengfeng (fl. 1815)
- William George Horner (1786-1837) *SB *MT
- Dominique-François-Jean Arago (1786-1853) *MT
- Jacques-Philippe-Marie Binet (1786-1856) *SB *MT
- Wada Yenzo Nei (1787-1840)
- Augustin Jean Fresnel (1788-1827) *SB *MT
- William Hamilton (1788-1856) *SB
- Jean-Victor Poncelet (1788-1867) *SB *MT
- Xiang Mingda (1789-1850)
- Luo Shilin (1789-1853)
- Georg Simon Ohm (1789-1854) *MT
- Augustin-Louis Cauchy (1789-1857) *SB *MT
- A. D. Twesten (1789-1876)
- Ludwig Immanuel Magnus (1790-1861)
- Augusus Ferdinand Möbius (1790-1868) *SB *MT
- Dong Youcheng (Fangli) (1791-1823)
- George Peacock (1791-1858) *SB *MT
- Friedrich Ludwig Wachter (1792-1817)
- Gaspard Gustave de Coriolis (1792-1843) *SB *MT
- Nicolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky (1792-1856) *SB *MT
- Charles Babbage (1792-1871) *SB *MT
- John Frederick William Herschel (1792-1871) *MT
- Martin Ohm (1792-1872)
- George Green (1793-1841) *MT
- Theodore Olivier (1793-1853)
- Ludwig Seeber (1793-1855)
- Michel Chasles (1793-1880) *SB *MT
- Germinal Pierre Dandelin (1794-1847) *SB *MT
- Olinde Rodrigues (1794-1851)
- William Whewell (1794-1866)
- Franz Adolf Taurinus (1794-1874)
1820
- Louis Paul Émile Richard (1795-1849) *SB
- Bernt Michael Holmboe (1795-1850) *SB *MT
- Gabriel Lamé (1795-1870) *SB *MT
- Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881) *MT
- Nicolas-Léonard-Sadi Carnot (1796-1832) *SB *MT
- Gokai Ampon (1796-1862)
- Shiraishi Chochu (1796-1862)
- Jacob Steiner (1796-1863) *MT
- Nikolai Dmetrivich Brashman (1796-1866) *MT
- Lambert Adolphe Jacques Quételet (1796-1874) *SB *MT
- Andreas von Ettinghausen (1796-1878)
- Koide Shuki (1797-1865)
- Jean-Marie-Constant Duhanel (1797-1872) *SB *MT
- Johann August Grunert (1797-1872)
- Barré de Saint-Venant (1797-1886)
- Étienne Bobillier (1798-1840) *MT
- Christopf Gudermann (1798-1852) *SB
- Karl Georg Christian von Staudt (1798-1867) *MT
- Michael Chasles (1798-1880)
- Franz Ernst Neumann (1798-1895) *SB *MT
- Gu Guanjuang (1799-1862)
- Benoit Paul Emile Clapeyron (1799-1864) *MT
- Karl Heinrich Gräffe (1799-1873) *SB .
- Shen Qinpei (fl. 1829)
- Karl Wilhelm Feuerbach (1800-1834) *SB *MT
- Gaspare Mainardi (1800-1879)
- George Bentham (1800-1884)
- Mikhail Vasilevich Ostrogradsky (1801-1862) *SB *MT
- Julius Plücker (1801-1868) *SB *MT
- Antoine-Augustin Cournot (1801-1879) *SB
- Joseph Antoine Ferdinand Plateau (1801-1883) *SB
- Thomas Clausen (1801-1885) *SB *MT
- George Biddle Airy (1801-1892) *SB *MT
- Zhang Dunren (fl. 1831)
- Niels Henrik Abel (1802-1829) *SB *MT
- János Bolyai (1802-1860) *MT
- Moritz Wilhelm Drobisch (1802-1896)
- Johann Christian Doppler (1803-1853) *SB *MT
- Jacques Charles François Sturm (1803-1855) *MT
- Giusto Bellavitus (1803-1880) *SB
- Pierre François Verhulst (1804-1849) *MT
- Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi (1804-1851) *SB *MT
- George Birch Jerrard (1804-1863) *SB *MT
- Victor Jacoulevich Bouniakouski (1804-1889)
- Wilhelm Eduard Weber (1804-1891) *MT
1830
- Dai Xu (1805-1860)
- William Rowan Hamilton (1805-1865) *SB *MT
- Gustav Peter Lejeune Dirichlet (1805-1859) *SB *MT
- Robert Murphy (1806-1843)
- Augustus De Morgan (1806-1871) *SB *MT
- Ernst Ferdinand Adolf Minding (1806-1885) *SB
- Thomas Penyngton Kirkman (1806-1895) *SB *MT
- Moritz Abraham Stern (1807-1894)
- Athanase Louis Victoire Dupré (1808-1869) *SB
- Friedrich Julius Richelot (1808-1875)
- Johann Benedict Listing (1808-1882) *MT
- John Henry Pratt (1809-1871) *SB
- Hermann Günter Grassmann (1809-1877) *SB *MT
- Benjamin Peirce (1809-1880) *SB *MT
- Joseph Liouville (1809-1882) *SB *MT
- Ernst Eduard Kummer (1810-1893) *SB *MT
- Évariste Galois (1811-1832) *SB *MT
- Auguste Bravais (1811-1863)
- Ludwig Otto Hesse (1811-1874) *SB *MT
- Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier (1811-1877) *MT
- Li Shanlan (1811-1882)
- Andrew Serle Hart (1811-1890)
- Adolph Göpel (1812-1847) *SB
- William Shanks (1812-1882) *MT
- Duncan Farquharson Gregory (1813-1844) *SB
- Pierre-Alphonse Laurent (1813-1854) *MT
- Pierre Laurent Wantzel (1814-1848)
- Eugène Charles Catalan (1814-1894)
- Ludwig Schläfli (1814-1895) *MT
- James Joseph Sylvester (1814-1897) *MT
1840
- Ada Lovelace (1815-1852)
- George Boole (1815-1864) *MT
- Fukuda Riken (1815-1889)
- Karl Weierstrass (1815-1897) *MT
- Charles-Eugene Delaunnay (1816-1872) *SB *MT
- Johann Georg Rosenhain (1816-1887) *SB
- Johann Rudolf Wolf (1816-1893) *MT
- Jean-Fréderic Frénet (1816-1900) *SB *MT
- Thomas Weddle (1817-1853)
- Carl Wilhelm Borchardt (1817-1880) *MT
- Charles Auguste Albert Briot (1817-1882)
- Ferdinand Joachimsthal (1818-1861) *SB
- Heinrich Richard Baltzer (1818-1887)
- Jean-Claude Bouquet (1819-1885) *MT
- Seigfried Heinrich Aronhold (1819-1884)
- Joseph Alfred Serret (1819-1885) *MT
- Pierre Ossian Bonnet (1819-1892) *MT
- John Couch Adams (1819-1892) *MT
- George Gabriel Stokes (1819-1903) *MT
- George Salmon (1819-1904) *MT
- William John Macquorn Rankine (1820-1872) *MT
- Victor Alexandre Puiseux (1820-1883) *SB *MT
- Isaac Todhunter (1820-1884) *MT
- Ernest Jean Philippe Fauqede Jonquiéres (1820-1901) *SB
- Heinrich Eduard Heine (1821-1881) *SB *MT
- Takaku Kenjiro (1821-1883)
- Arthur Cayley (1821-1895) *SB *MT
- Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev (1821-1894) *SB *MT
- Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (1821-1894) *SB *MT
- Philipp Ludvig von Seidel (1821-1896)
- Jules Antoine Lissajous (1822-1880) *SB *MT
- Rudolph Jusius Emmanuel Clausius (1822-1888) *MT
- Joseph-Louis-François Bertrand (1822-1900) *MT
- Charles Hermite (1822-1901) *SB *MT
- Francis Galton (1822-1911) *SB *MT
- Ferdinand Gotthold Max Eisenstein (1823-1852) *SB *MT
- Guillaume-Jules Hoüel (1823-1886) *SB
- Leopold Kronecker (1823-1891) *SB *MT
- Enrico Betti (1823-1892) *MT
- Jakob Amsler-Laffon (1823-1912) *SB
- Zacharias Dase (1824-1861) *MT
- Delfino Codazzi (1824-1873) *SB
- Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824-1887) *SB *MT
- Francesco Brioschi (1824-1847) *MT
- Omura Isshu (1824-1891)
- William Thomson, Lord Kelvin (1824-1907) *MT
1850
- William Spottiswoode (1825-1883)
- Johann Jakob Balmer (1825-1898) *SB
- Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann (1826-1866) *SB *MT
- Henry John Stephen Smith (1826-1883) *MT
- Giuseppe Battaglini (1826-1894)
- Ludwig Christian Wiener (1826-1896) *MT
- Théodore Florentin Moutard (1827-1901) *SB
- Karl Mikhailovich Peterson (1828-1881) *SB
- Hagiwara Teisuke (1828-1909)
- Ludvig Valentin Lorenz (1829-1891)
- Elwin Bruno Christoffel (1829-1900) *SB *MT
- Moritz Benedict Cantor (1829-1920) *MT
- Antonio Luigi Gaudazio Giuseppe Cremona (1830-1903) *SB *MT
- James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) *SB *MT
- Paul David Gustav Du Bois-Reymond (1831-1889) *SB
- Peter Guthrie Tait (1831-1901) *MT
- Victor Mayer Amédée Mannheim (1831-1906) *SB *MT
- Julius Wilhelm Richard Dedekind (1831-1916) *SB *MT
- Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (Lewis Carroll) (1832-1898) *SB *MT
- Rudolph Otto Sigismund Lipschitz (1832-1903) *SB *MT
- Robert Tucker (1832-1905)
- Eugène Rouché (1832-1910)
- Wilhelm Fiedler (1832-1912)
- J. Lachelier (1832-1918)
- Ludwig Sylow (1832-1918) *MT
- Carl Gottfried Neumann (1832-1925) *SB *MT
- Rudolf Friedrich Alfred Clebsch (1833-1872) *SB *MT
- Immanuel Lazarus Fuchs (1833-1902) *SB *MT
- Hua Hengfan (Ruo Ting) (1833-1902)
- Edmund Nicolas Laguerre (1834-1886) *SB *MT
- John Venn (1834-1923) *MT
1860
- William Stanley Jevons (1835-1882) *SB
- Felice Casorati (1835-1890)
- Émile-Léonard Mathieu (1835-1890) *SB *MT
- Joseph Stefan (1835-1893) *MT
- Eugenio Beltrami (1835-1899) *SB *MT
- Charles Méray (1835-1911) *SB
- Ludwig Hermann Kortum (1836-1909)
- Julius Weingarten (1836-19010 *MT
- E. L. W. Maximilian Curtze (1837-1903) *SB
- Aleksandr Nikolaevich Korkin (1837-1908)
- Hugh McColl (1837-1909) *SB
- Paul Albert Gordon (1837-1912) *SB *MT
- Wilhelm Lexis (1837-1914) *MT
- Paul Gustav Heinrich Bachmann (1837-1920) *SB
- Leo Königsberger (1837-1921)
- Maurice Lévy (1838-1910) *SB
- George William Hill (1838-1914) *SB
- Theodor Reye (1838-1919) *SB
- Camille Jordan (1838-1921) *SB *MT
- Hermann Hankel (1839-1873) *SB *MT
- Gustav Roch (1839-1866)
- Joseph-Émile Barbier (1839-1889) *SB
- Ernst Kossak (1839-1902)
- Josiah Willard Gibbs (1839-1903) *SB *MT
- Christian Gustav Adolph Mayer (1839-1908) *SB
- Julius Peter Christian Petersen (1839-1910) *SB *MT
- Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914) *SB
- Hieronymus Georg Zeuthen (1839-1920) *MT
- Émile Michel Hyacinthe Lemoine (1840-1912) *SB
- Emory McClintock (1840-1916)
- Franz Mertens (1840-1927)
- Friedrich Wilheml Karl Ernst Schröder (1841-1902) *MT
- Matthieu Paul Hermann Laurent (1841-1908) *SB
- Sam Loyd (1841-1911) *MT
- Rudolf Sturm (1841-1919)
- François-Edouard-Anatole Lucas (1842-1891) *SB *MT
- François Marius Sophus Lie (1842-1899) *SB *MT
- Otto Stolz (1842-1905)
- John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh (1842-1909)
- Heinrich Weber (1842-1913) *MT
- Jean-Gaston Darboux (1842-1917) *SB *MT
- Jakob Rosanes (1842-1922) *SB
- Alexander Wilhelm von Brill (1842-1935) *MT
- Giulio Ascoli (1843-1896)
- Paul Tannery (1843-1904) *MT
- Victor Schlegel (1843-1905)
- Gaston Tarry (1843-1913) *MT
- Hermann Amandus Schwarz (1843-1921) *MT
- Moritz Pasch (1843-1930) *SB *MT
- Karl Friedrich Geiser (1843-1934) *SB
- Huang Zongxian (fl. 1873)
- Shi Richun (fl. 1873)
- Georges-Henri Halphen (1844-1889) *SB *MT
- Ludwig Boltzmann (1844-1906) *MT
- Jakob Lueroth (1844-1910) *SB
- Charles Smith (1844-1916)
- Paul Mansion (1844-1919) *SB
- Max Noether (1844-1921) *SB *MT
- Albert Wangerin (1844-1933) *MT
1870
- William Kingdon Clifford (1845-1879) *SB *MT
- Albert Ribacour (1845-1893) *SB
- Albert Victor Bäcklund (1845-1912)
- Georg Cantor (1845-1918) *SB *MT
- Ulisse Dini (1845-1918) *SB *MT
- Henri Brocard (1845-1922)
- Francis Ysidro Edgeworth (1845-1926) *MT
- Platon Sergeevich Poretsky (1846-1907) *SB *MT
- Eugenio Bertini (1846-1933) *MT
- Eugen Netto (1846-1919)
- Gösta Magnus Mittag-Leffler (1846-1927) *SB *MT
- Egor Ivanovich Zolotarev (1847-1878) *MT
- Galileo Ferraris (1847-1897)
- Cesare Arzelà (1847-1912)
- Gaston Floquet (1847-1920)
- Nicolay Egorovich Zhukovsky (1847-1921) *MT
- Wilhelm K. J. Killing (1847-1923) *MT
- William Weyr (1848-1894) *MT
- Jules Tannery (1848-1910) *MT
- Hermann Caesar Hannibal Schubert (1848-1911) *MT
- Eugen Netto (1848-1919) *SB *MT
- Adam Wilhelm Siegmund Guenther (1848-1923) *SB
- Friedrich Ludwig Gottlob Frege (1848-1925) *SB *MT
- J. W. L. Glaisher (1848-1928) *SB
- Diederik Johannes Korteweg(1848-1941) *SB *MT
- Julius König (1849-1914) *SB
- George Ferdinand Frobenius (1849-1917) *SB *MT
- Alfred Kempe (1849-1922) *MT
- Christian Felix Klein (1849-1925) *SB *MT
- Horace Lamb (1849-1934) *SB *MT .
- Sofya Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya (1850-1891) *SB *MT
- Walter William Rouse Ball (1850-1925) *MT
- Oliver Heaviside (1850-1925) *SB *MT
- William Edward Story (1850-1930)
- Alfred Pringsheim (1850-1941) *SB *MT
- George Francis Fitzgerald (1851-1901) *MT
- Anton Puchta (1851-1903)
- George Chrystal (1851-1910) *SB *MT
- Alexander Macfarlane (1851-1913)
- Arthur Schuster (1851-1934)
- Samuel Dickstein (1851-1939) *SB
- William Burnside (1852-1927) *MT
- Constantin LePaige (1852-1929) *SB
- Carl Louis Ferdinand Lindemann (1852-1939) *SB *MT
- Heinrich Maschke (1853-1908)
- Evgraf Stepanovich Fyodorov (1853-1919) *SB
- George Bruce Halsted (1853-1922) *SB
- Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro (1853-1925) *SB *MT
- Johan Ludvig Heiberg (1853-1928)
- Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (1853-1928) *SB *MT
- Arthur Moritz Schoenflies (1853-1928) *MT
- Salvatore Pincherle (1853-1936) *SB *MT
- Fabian Franklin (1853-1939)
- Jules Henri Poincaré (1854-1912) *SB *MT
- Benjamin Osgood Pierce, II (1854-1914) *SB
- Giuseppe Veronese (1854-1917) *MT
- Percy Alexander MacMahon (1854-1929) *SB
- Marcel Louis Brillouin (1854-1948) *MT
1880
- Giovanni Battista Guccia (1855-1914)
- Karl Rohn (1855-1920) *SB
- Paul Appell (1855-1930) *SB
- Sophus Christian Juel (1855-1935)
- Thomas Jan Stieltjes (1856-1894) *MT
- Giacinto Morera (1856-1909)
- Andrei Andreyevich Markov (1856-1922) *SB *MT
- Carl David Tolmé Runge (1856-1927) *SB *MT
- Luigi Bianchi (1856-1928) *MT
- Ferdinand Rudio (1856-1929) *SB
- Friedrich Schur (1856-1932)
- Walther Franz Anton von Dyck (1856-1934) *SB *MT
- Wilhelm Franz Meyer (1856-1934) *SB
- Charles Émile Picard (1856-1941) *SB *MT
- Cypoarissos Stéphanos (1857-1917)
- Aleksandr Mikhailovich Liapunov (1857-1918) *SB *MT
- Henry Ernest Dudeney (1857-1931) *MT
- Karl Pearson (1857-1936) *SB *MT
- Oscar Bolza (1857-1942)
- Gaston Milhaud (1858-1918) *SB
- Henry Buchard Fine (1853-1928) *SB
- Gabriel Koenigs (1858-1931) *SB
- Oscar Minkowski (1858-1931) *SB
- Charlotte Angas Scott (1858-1931)
- Giuseppe Peano (1858-1932) *SB *MT
- Édouard Jean-Baptiste Goursat (1858-1936) *SB *MT
- Arthur Russell Forsythe (1858-1942) *SB *MT
- Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (1858-1947) *SB *MT
- Ernesto Cesàro (1859-1906) *SB *MT
- Adolf Hurwitz (1859-1919) *SB *MT
- Marie-Georges Humbert (1859-1921) *SB
- Johan Ludwig William Valdemar Jensen (1859-1925) *SB *MT
- Otto Ludwig Hölder (1859-1937) *SB *MT
- Mario Pieri (1860-1913) *SB
- Mathias Lerch (1860-1922) *SB
- Henry Taber (1860-1936)
- Frank Morley (1860-1937)
- David Eugene Smith (1860-1944)
- Vito Volterra (1860-1946) *MT
- D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson (1860-1948) *MT
- Heinrich Burkhard (1861-1914) *MT
- Pierre-Maurice-Marie Duhem (1861-1916) *SB *MT
- George Ballard Mathews (1861-1922) *SB
- Frank Nelson Cole (1861-1926) *SB *MT
- Cesare Burali-Forti (1861-1931) *MT
- Thomas Little Heath (1861-1940) *SB *MT
- Friedrich Engel (1861-1941) *SB *MT
- Fedor Eduardovich Molin (1861-1941) *SB
- Kurt Hensel (1861-1941) *SB *MT
- Alfred North Whitehead (1861-1947) *MT
- Percy John Heawood (1861-1955) *MT
- Henri Andoyer (1862-1929) *SB
- Adolf Kneser (1862-1930) *SB *MT
- Eduard Study (1862-1930) *MT
- Eliakim Hastings Moore (1862-1932) *SB
- Francis Sowerby Macaulay (1862-1937) *SB *MT
- Philbert Maurice d'Ocagne (1862-1938) *SB
- David Hilbert (1862-1943) *SB *MT
- Gino Loria (1862-1954) *SB
- Jules Antoine Richard (1862-1956) *SB
- Giovanni Vailati (1863-1909)
- Franz London (1863-1917)
- Axel Thue (1863-1922) *MT
- August Adler (1863-1923) *MT
- John Charles Fields (1863-1932) *SB
- Paul Painlevé (1863-1933) *SB *MT
- Dmitry Aleksandrovich Grave (1863-1939) *SB
- Augustus Edward Hough Love (1863-1940) *SB
- William Henry Young (1863-1942) *MT
- Stanislaw Zaremba (1863-1943) *MT
- Aleksei Nikolaevich Krylov (1863-1945) *SB
- George Abram Miller (1863-1951) *SB
- Hermann Minkowski (1864-1909) *SB *MT
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A very good picture to use after you hear his latest idea:
This is what the average australian thinks
more lionnoisy pwnage:
Why lionnoisy alway tio shoot until like that in here ah?
This should be his reaction bah...
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lionnoisy,
I thought I already explained to you the asset and liabilities?
You have comprehension problems?
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do all MODS on holiday?
Have any one seen Sg Ty and others posting so many unrelated
postings here to waste precious cyber space affecting and forumers
moods?
Remember,u are what u post!!
With strong exports and high commidity prices,why do the total
gavaman debts increase?
http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/allprimarymainfeatures/63CF2134168DCE39CA2570DF001DCE9F?opendocument
2005---total gavaman debts 95 b
2008----increase to 100 billion,about 10% of GDP!!
australia private and gavaman credits is 340 % of GDP!!
http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Lookup/5232.0Main+Features1Jun%202008?OpenDocument
I am concerned about 40 b debts of state and local gavamans
and the ferderal 60 b debts !!
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Singapore stagflation : May 2008 exports fell most in 17 months; inflation at 26-year highs
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This article belongs to the Singapore stagflation watch story arc.
Singapore's exports fell the most in 17 months in May [2008] as the island's manufacturers shipped fewer electronics and other goods to the US and Europe. Non-oil domestic exports dropped 10.5% from a year earlier, the trade promotion agency said today [17 Jun 2008]. Manufacturers across Asia face easing demand amid slowing growth in the US, the region's largest overseas market. Pharmaceutical shipments dropped 48.5% in May from a year earlier, while electronics shipments slipped 8.5%, the 16th consecutive drop. Semiconductor shipments dropped 12.6%. Sales to the European Union fell 28% in May and US shipments dropped 22.3%.
- The Singapore economy continues to be confronted by stagflation as economic weakness persists and shows signs of actually worsening, while inflation continues to run at 26-year highs. As I have commented earlier, this is as classic as it gets regarding the definition of stagflation : stagnant or slowing economic growth in a time of rising inflation.
Sure, biotech manufacturing is subject to some "lumpiness" as equipment needs to be cleaned and re-setup for the next batch of medicines, but a 48.5% drop year-on-year? This is as good as "falling off the cliff", a sinking sensation that many in the peakoiler community are very, very familiar with. And electronics? 16 consecutive drops in 16 months. They could be trying for some kind of record here, together with semiconductors. A very ugly picture, especially given that inflation is still ongoing, and crude oil continues to set new record highs regularly.
This is the kind of situation that can lead to restlessness amongst the population, and in extreme cases descend into disorder and chaos and in fact it already has in some countries. You can be very sure that the government has got to be very concerned about it. Meanwhile, as an individual, in order to hedge against slowing economic growth, you might want to look into getting a job in a traditionally defensive sector, such as government, military, education, healthcare, and such. And as an investor, in order to hedge against inflation, what you can do is to buy into commodities, hold on to them, and sit tight. Gold and oil and uranium and food and other resources are going higher. Much, much higher. We ain't seen nothing yet.
Singapore CPI inflation rate for May 2008 continues at 26-year high of 7.5%
Singapore's consumer prices rose at a slower-than-expected pace last month [May 2008], reducing the need for further currency gains to rein in inflation. The consumer price index [CPI] jumped 7.5% from a year earlier, matching April's 26-year high record, the Department of Statistics said [23 Jun 2008]. The Monetary Authority of Singapore [MAS] had forecast a 5-6% inflation rate for 2008. The central bank has allowed its currency to strengthen against the US dollar, saying the exchange rate remains its most effective tool to fight inflation.
- The Singapore inflation rate is reportedly stabilizing and analysts are already predicting that it will come down in the second half of 2008. Singapore M3 money supply figures also appear to be stabilizing around the 12-13% level in the past half year, down from a high of 23.62% in 2007. But the money supply growth rate is only half the story - the other half is its relationship to the growth of available goods and services in the economy. For the inflation rate to be stable, economic growth has to at least keep up with money supply growth. With a looming global economic slowdown and imminent worldwide recession, the economic growth factor is the big wildcard.
Gold and crude oil prices may have paused from breaking new all-time record highs for the time being, but the inflationary storm is far from over as yet. We may only be passing through the eye of the hurricane here - just when people start to get lulled into complacency, the winds of inflation could well pick up with renewed force - perhaps even stronger than ever. We need to remain vigilant against inflation. This is no time to let down your guard yet.
Singapore economy stuck in mud : inflation rising, M3 falling, GDP crashing - the stagflation formula
This article belongs to the Singapore stagflation watch story arc.
mas.gov.sg -> mas.gov.sg (pdf) :
The latest Singapore money supply figures are out. For the month of Dec 2007, the Singapore M3 money supply growth has continued to slow, and it now stands at 14.14% year-on-year. However, real inflation shows no signs of abating because we are at the point where economic growth is falling (crashing) faster than M3 money supply growth is slowing. The Singapore economy is thus stuck in mud, and the stagflation formula goes as follows :
14.14% M3 growth - (-4.8% economic growth) = 18.94% real inflation rate.
For your reference, the money supply figures for the year of 2007 are as follows (click here for the spreadsheet if the inline frame is not shown) :
As you can see, in 2007 we have been roaring along with an average M3 money supply growth of 20.6% year-on-year. It was only in the last 3 months (Oct-Dec 2007) that the money supply growth has slowed down considerably.
However, if anything else, this is even worse than the time where it was reported on this blog when M3 growth hit a high of 23.62% back in Jun 2007. At the time, GDP growth was reported to be a still-healthy 8.6% so the M3-to-GDP differential was 23.62% - 8.6% = 15.02% then.
Hence, for myself and for those of you readers who subscribe to the classic Austrian-school definition of monetary inflation as money supply growth relative to economic growth, the fight to maintain our purchasing power has just gotten a lot harder, and this stagflationary environment just makes things even worse.
See also :
1. Singapore 2007Q4 GDP contracted 4.8%, 2008 economic growth forecast lowered
2. Singapore economy shrinks first time since 2003
3. Singapore CPI inflation hits new 25-year high of 4.4% in December
4. Singapore : Inflation rate could push past 6% in Q1 2008(2008-02-25 13:10:42 SGT) [Biz] Permalink Comments [1]
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Rising inflation across Asia mauls Singapore Reits
Trusts may still get big lift from higher rents, higher hotel rates, say analystsSOARING inflation across Asia has sucked the life out of real estate investment trusts (Reits), whose high-yielding dividends have made them wildly popular among investors in recent years.
Investors had wrongly penalised Reits with concerns over acquisition growth and credit-tightening conditions. They have ignored the ‘organic’ boost Reits may get from higher rents and hotel rates. - MORGAN STANLEY, in a report recommending property trusts to its clients — ST FILE PHOTOReits, in general, have fallen about 32.5 per cent in value from their peaks last year, but those with assets in inflation-prone economies, such as China, have fared even worse, according to financial portal Shareinvestor.com.
CapitaRetail China Trust, for instance, has fallen 52 per cent in four months, as inflation in China galloped to 7.1 per cent - its highest level in over a decade.
Reits are financial instruments investing in real estate like shopping malls, office buildings and hotels.
Investors can buy units, which are much like shares, offering attractive dividend yields of 6 per cent to 8 per cent derived from rents.
This is far higher than the 1.5 per cent interest on one-year fixed deposits at a bank.
Historically, a low interest rate environment has been good for Reits - if accompanied by low inflation.
Take CapitaMall Trust, the first Reit listed in Singapore. Its assets include the Tampines Mall and Junction 8 shopping centres.
It received an overwhelming response from investors when it listed six years ago, rising from just 96 cents in July 2002 to a record high of $4.32 in July last year. Inflation played its part by staying at a benign 1 per cent.
As the consumer price index, however, surged from 1.3 per cent in June to 4.4 per cent in December, CapitaMall slid 20 per cent over the period.
The inflation pressure is unlikely to abate in the near future.
Last week, the Government revised its estimates upwards to between 4.5 per cent and 5.5 per cent for the year, from an earlier forecast of 3.5 per cent to 4.5 per cent.
So, while fears of a United States recession are causing much grief among investors as they watch the value of their growth stocks evaporate, inflation is becoming a big threat to those with high dividend-yield plays like Reits.
One trader explained: ‘A Reit may offer 6 per cent in dividend yield. But if inflation is running at 4.5 per cent, the actual yield an investor is getting is only 1.5 per cent.’
To compensate for the lower return, an investor will demand a lower price for the Reit, which escalates the pressure on its share price.
Still, analysts have not stopped promoting Reits, despite their lacklustre performance, to clients.
Morgan Stanley made a case last month with a report arguing that investors had wrongly penalised Reits with concerns over acquisition growth and credit-tightening conditions.
Investors have ignored the ‘organic’ boost Reits may get from higher rents as leases expire and hotel rates are jacked up during peak periods.
Citigroup noted on Tuesday that while there may not be a clear growth strategy for Reits this year, some are trading at hefty discounts to their net asset values, despite offering single-digit or even double-digit dividend yields.
‘This makes Reits potential takeover targets, if they have loose shareholding structures,’ it added.
Its top picks include Ascendas Reit, Suntec Reit and Parkway Life Reit.
Source : Straits Times - 23 Feb 2008
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Singapore is in recession
SINGAPORE, Oct 10 - Singapore has slipped into recession and the Government has revised its 2008 growth forecast to around 3 per cent from a previous estimate of 4 to 5 per cent.
The economy shrank at an annualised, seasonally adjusted rate of 6.3 per cent in the third quarter, according to third quarter advance estimates released by the Ministry of Trade and Industry on Friday morning, pushing the export-dependent economy into its first recession since 2002.
The government also revised down its 2008 growth forecast to around 3 per cent from a previous estimate of 4 to 5 per cent.
Economists had expected the Republic to narrowly escape a recession in the third quarter by growing 1.1 per cent, lifted by a slight improvement in electronics output.
A recession is often defined as two consecutive quarters of economic contractions.
The deepening financial crisis, which sparked banking crises in the United States, Iceland, Britain, Germany and Ireland, is threatening to drag the world economy into recession.
The advance estimate, based largely on July and August data, gives an early indication of the economy's performance during the July-September period.
MTI said the Singapore economy is estimated to contract by 0.5 per cent in the third quarter, than a year ago.
On a seasonally adjusted, annualised quarter-on-quarter basis, real GDP declined by 6.3 per cent, following a 5.7 per cent decline in the previous quarter.
On the outlook for the year, MTI said since the revised GDP forecast in August, "external economic conditions have deteriorated more than expected and some sectors of the economy have weakened significantly on account of industry-specific or domestic factors.
"The worsening of the financial crisis in the US in recent weeks has deepened the credit crunch, making it more difficult for businesses to sustain economic activities. With unemployment on the rise and house prices continuing to fall, US consumer sentiment has weakened further and will affect demand for exports from Asia and the rest of the world."
It added that Singapore's export-oriented sectors, such as manufacturing, will be affected, noting that Europe is also facing severe strains in the banking sector, tighter credit conditions, and adjustments in housing prices.
Growth in major economies such as Germany, France, Italy and the UK has dipped sharply in the second quarter.
Growth forecasts for several Asian economies, such as China, India and South Korea, have been revised downwards since the start of the year.
The estimates showed that Singapore's manufacturing sector continued to be weighed down by the negative growth in biomedical sciences, as pharmaceutical companies are still producing a mix of pharmaceutical ingredients with values lower than compared to a year ago.
The precision engineering and chemicals clusters have also slowed, because of weaker external demand.
The construction sector grew by 7.8 per cent in the third quarter, compared to the 18.3 per cent growth in the first half of 2008. Despite a strong pipeline of construction projects, a shortage of contractors, a tight labour market for engineers and project managers, and longer waiting times for equipment, have delayed the realisation of these projects.
MTI said the financial services sector is likely to see slower growth in the coming months as the ongoing global financial crisis has heightened uncertainties for sentiment-sensitive segments such as stocks trading and fund management activities.
"Taking into account the slowdown in the global economy and key domestic sectors, MTI has revised the 2008 GDP growth forecast to around 3 per cent. The inflation forecast of 6 - 7 per cent for 2008 remains unchanged," it said. - The Straits Times
Singapore First Asian Economy to fall into Recession
Singapore becomes the first Asian victim of recession
AFP, SINGAPORE
Saturday, Oct 11, 2008, Page 1Singapore has become the first Asian economy to fall into recession, analysts said yesterday, after the government revised downward its full-year growth estimate and eased monetary policy for the first time in years.
The Ministry of Trade and Industry lowered the city-state’s full-year growth forecast to around 3 percent, citing a slowdown in the global economy and key domestic sectors.
The move came as the ministry released preliminary data showing that real GDP declined by 6.3 percent in the third quarter after contracting 5.7 percent in the previous quarter, the ministry said.
While it did not describe the economy as being in recession, a technical recession is generally defined as two consecutive quarters of contraction in economic output.
“Singapore will be the first Asia economy to fall into a technical recession,” DBS Group Research said in an assessment of the data.
In a move to confront the downturn, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) — its de facto central bank — said it was easing monetary policy for the first time in more than four years.
“The Singapore economy has weakened over the course of 2008, alongside an escalation in the turmoil in financial markets and a more severe deceleration in global economic activity,” MAS said.
These developments meant new uncertainties for the Singapore economy, while slower Asian growth would restrain activity in a range of service industries such as transportation and tourism, it said.
“The risks to external demand conditions continue to be on the downside and a more severe global downturn cannot be discounted,” the bank said.
Singapore is Southeast Asia’s wealthiest economy in terms of GDP per capita, but is heavily dependent on trade. This makes it sensitive to hiccups in developed economies, particularly key export markets the US and Europe.
Economists polled by Dow Jones Newswires had forecast a 0.3 percent quarter-on-quarter rise in GDP, the value of goods and services produced in the economy.
Compared with the third quarter of last year, the ministry said Singapore’s economy contracted by 0.5 percent in real terms, against the 0.8 percent expansion foreseen in the Dow Jones poll.Singapore in recession
Written by Webmaster Friday, 10 October 2008SINGAPORE'S economy has slid into its first technical recession since 2002, as a slump in exports pushed quarterly growth into negative territory for the second quarter in a row.The economy shrank by a worse-than-expected 0.5 per cent in the third quarter compared to the same period last year, according to estimates from the Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI) released on Friday morning.MTI has also revised its full-year growth forecast for the second time this year, lowering it to 'around 3 per cent' from 4 to 5 per cent previously. This would make it the weakest pace in seven years.
Recognising growth concerns, the Monetary Authority of Singapore also changed its policy stance to zero appreciation of the Singapore dollar, reversing the gradual appreciation policy it has adopted since 2003.
On a quarterly basis, third-quarter GDP contracted 6.3 per cent from the second quarter, on top of a 5.7 per cent decline in the previous three months. A technical recession is generally defined as two consecutive quarters of decline.
Manufacturing led the slowdown again this time around, weighed down by a poor performance in the biomedical sciences segment. It was also hit by weakened global demand for exports as the United States-triggered financial crisis spreads around the world.
The sector shrank by 11.5 per cent in the third quarter, after declining 4.9 per cent in the previous quarter.
Growth in construction and services also slowed. Construction, in particular, saw its pace of expansion halved to single-digit growth, as projects were delayed by the construction squeeze, said MTI.
Services, touted as a key driver of growth this year, is likely to take a hit as well as financial services falters in the wake of the global credit crunch.
Most economists expect the economy to grow even more slowly next year, with the chance of a technical recession turning into a 'real' one.
'With external conditions deteriorating and the lack of domestic demand support, we expect Singapore to register no growth next year... with a muted recovery, if at all, expected only in the second half of next year at the earliest,' said Morgan Stanley economists in a report.
Inflation peaks
Inflation, which reached a 26-year high earlier this year, has peaked, said MAS. Consumer prices will rise between 6 per cent and 7 per cent this year, and gains will ease to between 2.5 per cent and 3.5 per cent in 2009, it predicted.'Against the backdrop of a weakening external economic environment and continuing stresses in global financial markets, the growth of the Singapore economy is expected to remain below potential in the period ahead,' said MAS.
'Inflation is expected to trend down in 2009 as the global and domestic economies slow.'(Straits Times Singapore)
Wednesday, 10 October, 2001, 04:56 GMT 05:56 UK
Singapore economy in recession
<!-- NOLImage -->
Discounts in Singapore's shops are a sign of recession<!-- /NOLImage -->The recession-hit economy of Singapore has shrunk by a record 5.6% during July to September.
The sharp contraction was expected by analysts, and the government is now forecasting that the economy will contract by 3% for the full year.
"In the light of the uncertainty in the global economy, Singapore has now revised its full year growth forecast to minus 3.0%," said Trade Minister George Yeo.
Previously the government had forecast 0.5-1.5% growth.
US ties
The country is suffering from its exposure to the US - its biggest trading partner - which is battling with its own economic problems.
Last month's terrorist attacks on the US have also exacerbated problems by denting consumer confidence.
"The appalling attacks on September 11 and the resulting train of events have probably tipped the global economy into a recession," said Mr Yeo.
Electronics downturn
The sharp contraction in the third quarter was blamed on the downturn in the electronics sector.
The goods producing sector in the trade-driven country fell by 15% while manufacturing output fell by 21% compared with a year ago.
This constitutes the sharpest fall since the 1985 recession.
"From the data so far, it certainly describes the economy is in a far worse shape than it has ever been," said Song Seng Wun, a regional economist at GK Goh brokerage.
However, Aberdeen Asset Management's Hugh Young told the BBC's World Business Report:"The feeling on the streets is not nearly as bad or as gloomy as it was when the Asian crisis hit. Certainly there is a lot of fear over job security right through Singapore at the moment."
Singapore slides into recession
Singapore has become the first Asian country to fall into recession, after growth fell for the second successive quarter.
By Jamie Dunkley
Last Updated: 11:13AM BST 10 Oct 2008
Singapore falls into recession Photo: EPAThe Ministry of Trade and Industry also revised downwards full-year growth forecast to around 3pc, citing a slowdown in the global economy and key domestic sectors.
Southeast Asia's wealthiest economy saw gross domestic product fall by 6.3pc during the third quarter having previously contracted by 5.7pc.
While the ministry did not describe the economy as being in recession, a technical recession is generally defined as two consecutive quarters of contraction in economic output.
In a move to confront the downturn, the Monetary Authority of Singapore - its de facto central bank - said it was also easing monetary policy for the first time in more than four years.
Singapore's economy expanded by 7.7pc last year but have been signs of a slowdown following contractions in Singapore's key manufacturing sector, which includes the country's electronic and pharmaceutical industries.
Construction growth slowed to 7.8pc from 19.8pc, during the quarter, although service industries grew by 6.1pc, marginally down from 7pc in the second quarter.
Singapore's last technical recession was recorded in 2002, when the economy contracted by 2.4pc during the year. The country is seen as an important indicator of economic trends in the rest of Asia due to its export-dependent economy.
Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong said Asian economies face a "rough ride" for at least the next year as weakening consumer demand from developed countries hurt the region's exports.
TODAYonline, Weekend, October 11, 2008
................The Singapore dollar, already battered in recent weeks, is expected to weaken further against its United States counterpart. Goldman Sachs predicts the Singapore dollar would weaken to $1.54 to the greenback in the next six months, while UBS expects it to reach $1.50 by the end of the year, according to Bloomberg. The Singapore dollar was trading at around $1.48 yesterday evening, almost 10 per cent off its recent high of $1.35 on July 16. .............
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Singapore Biodiesel Gloomy in 2008
Wilmar International, an integrated biodiesel producer is badly affected by high crude palm oil (CPO), feedstock for its its biodiesel plants in Indonesia and Malaysia. The biodiesel plants are running at 20% capacity for the first three months of 2008.
Despite the gloomy biofuels sector, Wilmar International, posted on the Singapore-listed firm reported a four-fold surge in fourth-quarter operating profits to $394.2m from $98.8m. Wilmar is also expanding its joint ventures with local companies in Africa, China and Europe.S'pore manufacturers cautious on next 6 months: survey <!-- headline one : end --><!-- more than 7 paragraphs --><!-- story content : start -->
SINGAPORE manufacturers are cautious about the business prospects in the next six months, a Government survey released on Thursday showed, reflecting concerns over a slowing global economy.
In the latest quarterly survey conducted by the Economic Development Board (EDB) among manufacturers, 87 per cent said the outlook for the next six months will not improve from the previous quarter when manufacturing output contracted 5.6 per cent.
A separate survey by the Department of Statistics showed companies in the services sector sharing the same cautious sentiment over the six-month period.
According to the survey, 24 per cent of the services firms polled expected business conditions to improve, while 22 per cent were less optimistic.
The responses are weighted by operating receipts and value added.
<!-- show media links starting at 7th para -->Chemical makers had the gloomiest outlook, with a net weighted 23 per cent of firms expecting business conditions to worsen on the back of high material costs.
Producers in the general manufacturing industries, which include the food, tobacco and printing sectors, were the most optimistic, with a net weighted 11 per cent expecting business to improve.
Singapore's economy shrank 6.6 per cent in the second quarter after seasonal adjustments, its biggest contraction in five years amid a slowdown in key export markets the United States and the European Union.
The less positive business outlook comes against a backdrop of rising unemployment in Singapore.
The jobless rate in the second quarter went up to 2.3 per cent after seasonal adjustments, compared to the previous quarter's 2 per cent, according to latest estimates released by the Ministry of Manpower on Thursday morning.
The data showed that employment grew by 70,600 in the second quarter this year, which is slightly lower than the increase of 73,200 in the previous quarter.
In his National Day message for Singaporean workers, NTUC chief Lim Swee Say on Thursday urged workers to moderate their wage expecations for this year, warning that pushing wages up to fully offset inflation is a risky move, as they will end up paying ever higher prices.
'Instead of pushing wages up to fully offset inflation, we must continue to link built-in wage increase to productivity gain and help our people through various non-wage measures', he said.
This will prevent a 'price-wage spiral', he said.
Singapore still faces woes despite millions spent to boost visitor numbers
With 100,000 set to flock at F1, Singapore tourism is still slowing down
19 Sep 2008
37 viewsTourism makes up nearly to 10 per cent of Singapore total GDP and the local tourism industry will take a ‘battering’ as analyst predicts Singapore tourism to slow despite our upcoming inaugural F1 first ever night race
The global credit crisis and slowing economy also didn’t help in the slowdown in Singapore tourism. Some 100,000 visitors are expected for the F1 weekend and some 40,000 of those are from overseas
F1 Singapore Grand Prix is part of our nation plan to make it a more global and a unique place. Not only we’re attracting international act of F1 which will earn around S$100 million ($70 million) a year in tourism revenue, there’s also our integrated casino which will open end of next year
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11,380 posts since Sep '06
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The Exorcist: The Beginning
Nazi Sergeant Major: Mod is not here today, n00b!!!
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Originally posted by maurizio13:
A simple reason why Singapore does not have much foreign debt.
Singapore exploits it's citizens under the CPF, where it uses funds at extremely low interest rates of 2.5% (while inflation hovers around 6% - 8%). If there is such cheap funds available, wherefore there be need to raise funds through the foreign or domestic market at prevailing inflation rates (afterall which fool would loan you at 1% if inflation is at 6%?). We do not have foreign debt, but our domestic debt owed to CPF members is valued at SGD 136 billon. If the government issues domestic debt, it is unlikely to suffer from payments issues, afterall all it has to do is print more currency (fiat currency).
Then they charge you excessively for HDB and Medical services, making it hard for average folks to plan for retirement. Should any major illness befall you, then as an average Singaporean, you can kiss half your retirement savings adios.
You forgot to mention how CPF conveniently addresses the liquidity issue as well - how Temasek and GIC must be blessed to be in a position to sucker a substantial equivalent of a "deposit base" rendering the impact of the credit crisis on them effectively irrelevant...
John Mack would probably have slept better had he too been in a position to enact legislation to seize/nationalize/coerce others to provide Morgan Stanley with the much-needed liquidity a couple of weeks back.
