A very well written piece published in the Straits Times Forum Page on Friday, 19 September 2003:
Time to give domestic economy a boost THE recent three-point cut in CPF has drawn much debate.
Whether it is right, wrong or half-right, it is done and water under the bridge. It is crucial that one looks forward as value is created by our future actions.
Therein lies the concern -
are we still fighting the last war?
Are we doing things right but failing to see that we are doing the wrong thing?
Is our national business model relevant?
My fear is that our response appears to be like that of the buggy makers of the last century when the first cars hit the road - make better buggies.Our business model is essentially that of a base for multinational corporations (MNCs) from the major economic powers of Europe, Japan and North America - known as the G3 - to export goods and services to the rest of the world.
These are essentially in the area of capital equipment and durables - the more volatile segment of the G3 economies.
Our domestic economy has been a poor cousin. This manifests itself in low domestic consumption at about 40 per cent of GDP - it is more than 50 per cent in Hong Kong - but current-account surpluses of about 24 per cent of GDP, one of the highest in the world - Hong Kong's is only 6 per cent - and rapid growth in foreign reserves.
Indeed, according to published data, our official foreign reserves grew by about $10 billion in the first six months of this year, Sars and GDP implosion notwithstanding.
Is our current business model of being primarily an export base for MNCs sustainable? Mathematically, it is impossible for everyone to have incessant current-account surpluses. This is possible now because the United States is willing to import far more than it exports.
Also, being a base primarily for the volatile capital goods and durables segment of G3 economies makes our GDP more volatile and riskier.
Our economy needs to be more balanced and I believe we have the resources to afford such a domestic stimulus. In our rush to be more 'competitive' we have ignored the domestic economy.
Indeed, by insisting that we move GST to 5 per cent next year, we are putting one more nail into the coffin. The argument goes like this: the country needs to restructure the tax system and we need to avoid having structural deficits. Anyway, the domestic economy is too small.
I agree that we need to restructure the tax system eventually. However, do we need to force it now? An overweight man with a broken leg must eventually lose weight but do we put him on a treadmill before his leg mends?
Scrapping GST for now would stoke domestic demand and this is what some of my businessmen colleagues tell me - we need demand to come back. No point having low income taxes when one is losing money because of poor demand.
Secondly, would we have a real structural deficit even if we ran yearly operating deficits of $2.5 billion, as projected for this year?
One could argue that the ballooning of our reserves in the first half of this year is a one-off event, a consequence of the authorities intervening to weaken the Singapore dollar.
Nevertheless, our reserves are substantial and they should be producing substantial real income even if invested passively and conservatively; $150 billion in reserves ought to at least generate about $3.3 billion in real (after factoring in inflation) income annually or about $6.4 billion in nominal terms.
The investment performance of our reserves is not published but if we took it into account, I reckon that we could easily afford a big shot of fiscal stimulus without impairing the real value of our reserves.
Maybe, instead of raising GST to 5 per cent, let's slaughter a sacred cow by cutting it to 0 per cent for the time being, issue consumption vouchers to the unemployed and offer business incentives to bring forward capital spending and entrepreneurship.
Thirdly, our paradigm has always been that we are a small economy. Is this true? Our GDP is larger than Malaysia and the Philippines' and only 25 per cent smaller than Thailand's. Indeed, we are about 60 per cent of Indonesia's.
Thailand has done a pretty decent job of keeping its economy buoyant by encouraging domestic demand.
Economic management cannot be just focused on accumulating current-account surpluses and stashing them away as reserves. In the long run, it has to be a productive balance between investment, savings and consumption, with the goal of full employment and sustainable increases in the standard of living for all.
Stimulating domestic consumption might seem like throwing the proverbial kitchen sink at the enemy but with unemployment rising so quickly shouldn't we try anything that might work?
Moreover, I believe we need a vibrant domestic economy for entrepreneurship to flourish. Virtually all the large MNCs that we are courting today were once small companies selling to the domestic community around them.
JOSEPH CHONG THIAM FOOK
CEO and Founder
New Independent Financial Advisers
http://straitstimes.asia1.com.sg/forum/story/0,4386,210555-1064008740,00.html?