people think it's pessimistic to talk about suffering and death. but if don't talk, one's just making excuses to escape reality. people like to pamper oneself and indulged in not lasting things. it's by overcoming suffering that one can get true happiness.
The conception of dukkha many be viewed from three aspects: (1) dukkha as ordinary suffering (¿à ¿à ), (2) dukkha as produced by change (‰Ä¿à ), and (3) dukkha as conditioned state (��¿à ). Dukkha as ordinary suffer refers to all kinds of suffering in life like birth, old age, sickness, death, association with unpleasant persons and conditions, separation from beloved ones and pleasant conditions, not getting what one desires, grief, lamentation, distress¡ªall such forms of physical and mental suffering, which are universally accepted as suffering and pain.
Buddhism teaches that all things are impermanent. Phenomenal things are in existence due to particular causes and conditions. When a happy feeling or a happy condition in life, which is not everlasting, changes, it produces pain, suffering, unhappiness. This vicissitude is dukkha as suffering produced by change.
The third form of dukkha as conditioned state is not easy to comprehend, because it involves the understanding of what Buddhism consider as ¡°being¡±. According to Buddhist philosophy, what we call a ¡°being¡± is only a combination of ever-changing physical and mental forces or energies, which may be divided into five groups or aggregates, i.e. those of matter (É«), sensations (ÊÜ), perceptions (�ë), mental formation (��) and consciousness (×R). The Buddha said, ¡°These five aggregates of attachment are dukkha.¡± The existence of and the attachment of the five aggregates, which constitute the personality, are suffering. In other words, the five aggregates and dukkha are not two different things; the five aggregates are themselves dukkha.
ps: The desire realm is suffering produced by direct causes.
The form realm is suffering cause by loss or deprivation.
The formless realm is suffering cause by the passing or impermanency of all things.
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