Well, I'm not sure what Daishonin meant when he said Buddhism is primarily concerned with victory and defeat. If he meant victory in the sense of victory over one's ego, then I'm fine with that.
Winning in life is not a matter of form or appearances. It has nothing to do with vanity. Nor is it a matter of simply navigating one's way smoothly through an organization that has already been created. Victory in life ultimately hinges on whether one has truly strived, whether one has truly advanced.
Good that you mentioned him, because if you read the previous post on Sects not recognized by the forum, the Nichiren Daishonin's Buddhism, or Soka Gakkai, is not recognized here.
Nowhere else would you find it in any other Buddhist schools. Or, as I said earlier, please quote sutras that say "Have faith in the Gohonzon and you will attain Enlightenment".
SGI members follow the teachings of Nichiren, a Buddhist monk who lived in 13th century Japan. Nichiren asserted that every individual has the potential to become enlightened in his or her present lifetime. Buddhist practice is a vehicle of individual empowerment. Each person has within the power to overcome life's inevitable challenges, to live a life of value and become a positive influence in one's community, society and the world.
Origins in India
Nichiren's philosophy is rooted in the teachings of Shakyamuni (Gautama Siddartha), the historical founder of Buddhism who lived in India some 2,500 years ago. His teachings were recorded as sutras and spread throughout Asia, giving rise to a number of distinct schools of Buddhism.
Accessible to All
Nichiren lived in Japan during a tumultuous time of social unrest and natural disasters. The common people, especially, suffered enormously in this harsh feudal society. Appalled by this state of affairs, Nichiren, while a young priest, set out to find the solution to the suffering that surrounded him. After intensive study of the Buddhist sutras, he realized that the essence of the Buddha's enlightenment, and the means to bring an end to suffering and social turmoil, was found in the Lotus Sutra. This sutra affirms that all people, regardless of gender, capacity or social standing, inherently possess the qualities of a Buddha, and are therefore equally worthy of the utmost respect.
Based on his study of the sutra he established the invocation of Nam-myoho-renge-kyo as a universal practice for tapping and manifesting the life-condition of Buddhahood latent in one's own life. SGI members believe that exerting oneself in both faith and practice--including taking action in reality based on wisdom and compassion--is the means by which one is able to realize one's Buddhahood.
Nichiren strongly believed that the true aim of Buddhism is to enable people living in the real world and facing real problems to become empowered and change their lives and society for the better. Nichiren Buddhism is a philosophy that respects the fundamental dignity of all life and stresses the profound connection between one's own happiness and the happiness of others.
ShakyamuniBuddhism began with one person’s search for a solution to human suffering. Shakyamuni (Gautama Sidartha), known as the Buddha, or “awakened one,” lived around 2,500 years ago in India. He was born a prince and raised in luxury but became perplexed at a young age by the inevitable suffering that life entails (sufferings he summed up as birth into this troubled world, sickness, old age and death).
At around the age of nineteen he renounced his wealth and titles, determined to seek an answer to the problem of human suffering. After years of strenuous effort he experienced a profound enlightenment to the essential nature of reality, the cause of suffering and how to resolve it.
Buddhism in Action
Shakyamuni spent the rest of his life traveling throughout India to share with people the insight he had attained. His life was one of active compassion, very different from todayÂ’s usual image of the Buddha as an otherworldly, detached figure in an isolated realm of enlightenment.
Lotus Sutra
ShakyamuniÂ’s teachings were later recorded in written collections called sutras. His key message, contained in the Lotus Sutra, is that Buddhahood -- a condition of absolute happiness, freedom from fear and from all illusions -- is inherent in all life. The development of this inner life state enables all people to overcome their problems and live a fulfilled and active life, fully engaged with others and with society. Almost two thousand years after ShakyamuniÂ’s death, Nichiren, the thirteenth century Japanese monk, distilled the profound theory of the Lotus Sutra into a practice to enable anybody, within their own lifetime, to reveal their Buddhahood, or highest state of life, in the midst of day-to-day reality.
NichirenNichirenÂ’s teachings provide the philosophical foundation of SGI membersÂ’ religious faith and practice.
In Search of the Cause of Human Suffering
Nichiren was born in 1222 in Japan, a time rife with social conflicts and natural calamities, which took a heavy toll, particularly on the ordinary populace. Nichiren, as a young priest, began an intensive study of Buddhist teachings, or sutras, in search of an answer to the suffering and chaos that surrounded him. His studies convinced him that the Lotus Sutra holds the key to transforming peopleÂ’s suffering and enabling society to flourish. Nichiren saw it as a vehicle for peopleÂ’s empowerment in that it focused on an inner transformation based on the equality of all people--stressing that everyone can attain enlightenment and enjoy happiness while they are alive. He established the invocation of the sutraÂ’s title, Nam-myoho-renge-kyo, as the practice to enable people to manifest the Buddhahood inherent in their lives and gain the strength and wisdom to challenge and overcome any adverse circumstances.
Nichiren was critical of the established schools of Buddhism that relied on state patronage and merely served the interests of the powerful while encouraging passivity in the suffering masses. In 1260, Nichiren submitted a petition entitled, “On establishing the Correct Teaching for the Peace of the Land,” to the most powerful figure in the government. In it he called the government to task, insisting that the leaders bear responsibility for the suffering of the population and act to remedy it. Nichiren’s stance, that the state exists for the sake of the people, was revolutionary for its time.
Facing Opposition
NichirenÂ’s claims invited an onslaught of often-violent persecutions from the military government and the established Buddhist schools. A number of his disciples were executed and Nichiren himself narrowly escaped assassination on a number of occasions. He was also sent into exile on two occasions but later pardoned. Throughout, Nichiren refused to compromise his principles to appease those in authority.
In 1271 Nichiren was arrested and taken in the early hours of the morning to a beach named Tatsunokuchi to be beheaded. The execution was abandoned, however, when a bright object appeared in the night sky, terrifying the executioners. He was subsequently exiled to the island of Sado, where conditions were especially harsh. Nichiren survived freezing conditions with little food or shelter, coming close to starvation on several occasions. Despite the severity of his situation he continued to write prolifically, sending letters of encouragement and instruction to his disciples, among which are counted some of his most important works.
NichirenÂ’s legacy lies in his unrelenting struggle for peopleÂ’s happiness and the desire to transform society into one which respects the dignity and potential of each individual life.
PracticeMembers of the SGI practice the Buddhism taught by the 13th century Japanese sage Nichiren. At the core of Nichiren's Buddhism are the phrase Nam-myoho-renge-kyo and a mandala called the Gohonzon.
The Basics
There are three basic elements to the practice of Nichiren Buddhism, chanting the phrase Nam-myoho-renge-kyo; studying the teachings of Nichiren; and making efforts to proliferate the teachings of Buddhism, a practice to share the Buddhist perspective of life's inherent dignity and potential. SGI members perform a morning and evening practice known as Gongyo, which consists of chanting Nam-myoho-renge-kyo and reciting portions of the Lotus Sutra.
The "Law"
Buddhism teaches that a universal Law (Dharma) underlies everything in the universe. This is the very essence of life. One could also think of it as the fundamental rhythm of life and the universe. Nichiren identified this Law or essence as Nam-myoho-renge-kyo. He taught that by carrying out the correct practice of Buddhism anyone is able to bring the their individual life into harmony with greater life of the universe. The result of this is that one is able to experience greater wisdom, courage, life force and compassion (the qualities of this life-essence).
This, practically, is what it means to manifest Buddhahood, or an enlightened life condition.
Buddhahood in Daily Life
SGI members are encouraged employ their Buddhist practice to squarely confront and overcome the very real challenges of their daily lives, in order to realize and manifest the profound potential of their life and to fulfill their unique life purpose. SGI members believe that this process of inner spiritual transformation or "human revolution," leads to not only individual empowerment but is the surest way to direct humankind's energies toward creating a peaceful and prosperous world.
GohonzonGohonzon is the object of devotion in Nichiren Buddhism. In Japanese, go means worthy of honor and honzon means object of fundamental respect. Nichiren defined the universal Law permeating life and the universe as Nam-myoho-renge-kyo and embodied it in the form of a mandala. In the Gohonzon, a scroll on which are written Chinese and Sanskrit characters, Nichiren symbolically depicted the life state of Buddhahood, which all people possess.
SGI members chant Nam-myoho-renge-kyo to a Gohonzon enshrined in their own homes. The Gohonzon, together with a practitioner's faith and chanting of Nam-myoho-renge-kyo, acts as a stimulus to activate the life-condition of Buddhahood innate in one's life.
Our inner life-condition changes constantly as we come into contact with different external stimuli, everything around us--people, the weather, a piece of music, the color of the walls--creates some kind of influence on us. A painting can cause the viewer to feel enraptured, calm or disgusted, and a letter can either cause joy or shock and dismay. In order to bring out our highest potential condition of life, our Buddhahood, we also need a stimulus. Nichiren's enlightenment to the law of life enabled him to create a stimulus that would be able to activate the life-condition of Buddhahood within us.
[Note: One can still chant Nam-myoho-renge-kyo and experience benefit if one is not near, or unable to see a Gohonzon. The most essential element in Nichiren's practice for drawing forth one's Buddhahood, is the strength of one's faith.]
BodhisattvaA bodhisattva is literally a living being (sattva) who aspires to enlightenment (bodhi) and carries out altruistic practices. The bodhisattva ideal is central to the Mahayana Buddhist tradition as the individual who seeks enlightenment both for him--or herself and for others. Compassion, an empathetic sharing of the sufferings of others, is the bodhisattva's greatest characteristic.
Strengthening Compassion
The path of a bodhisattva is not an otherworldly undertaking for people with unique gifts of compassion or wisdom. Rather, the qualities of the bodhisattva are inherent in the lives of ordinary men and women, and the purpose of Buddhist practice is to strengthen these qualities until compassion becomes the basis of all our actions.
Practice for Self and Others
For SGI members, bodhisattva practice is actualized in the twin, mutually reinforcing aspects of "practice for oneself and others." While many people may at first be inspired to practice Buddhism by the desire for personal happiness, to overcome illness or some other challenge, as their life-state expands, they naturally develop a deeper concern for the happiness of others and are motivated to take compassionate action, including sharing with others the insights of Buddhism.
Mahayana BuddhismThe Mahayana tradition, in which Nichiren Buddhism is included, emphasizes the bodhisattva practice as the means toward the enlightenment of both oneself and others, in contrast to teachings which aim only at personal salvation.
Monastic Focus
After Shakyamuni's death, the Buddhist Order experienced several schisms, and eventually 18 or 20 schools formed, each of which developed its own interpretation of the sutras. As time passed, the monks of these schools tended to withdraw more and more from the lay community, devoting themselves to the practice of monastic precepts and the writing of doctrinal treatises.
Buddhism for All
Around the beginning of the first century of the Common Era, a new group of Buddhist believers emerged who were dissatisfied with what they saw as the self-complacency and monastic elitism of the earlier schools and aimed at the salvation of all people. They called their school of Buddhism Mahayana (great vehicle), meaning the teaching which can lead all people to enlightenment, and they criticized the earlier, traditional schools for seeking only personal enlightenment, labeling them Hinayana, or lesser vehicle. A Mahayana Buddhism arose as a reform movement seeking to restore the original spirit of Buddhism. The Lotus Sutra is one of the best known Mahayana Sutras.
Human RevolutionBuddhist thought outlines a practical method for not only helping individuals overcome various sufferings, but changing society as a whole. Human revolution is the name Josei Toda, Second President of Soka Gakkai, used to describe this process--the liberation of the spirit from within. It is a continual process of renewal and invigoration, the development of one person's boundless inner capacity to lead a creative and contributive life through his or her own effort.
Inner Change in a Single Person
There have been a number of different revolutions in recent centuries: political, economic, industrial, scientific, etc. Toda's view was that, regardless of how external factors are changed, society will not fundamentally improve as long as people--the foundation of everything--fail to transform the inherent negative and destructive tendencies of their own lives.
An inner change for the better in a single person is the essential first turn of the wheel in the process of making the human race stronger and wiser. Human revolution is the most fundamental and most vital of all revolutions. This revolution--an inner process of self-reformation--is completely bloodless and peaceful.
Process of Growth and Self-Realization
Every single person has tremendous potential which is largely untapped. Through one's human revolution, this potential can be revealed and we can establish an independent, unconquerable self; enabling one to deal creatively with any situation that life has to offer. This process enables one to keep growing and developing indefinitely.
Lotus SutraThe Lotus Sutra is regarded as one of the most important and influential sutras, or sacred scriptures, of Mahayana Buddhism. As Shakyamuni employed a wide variety of means by which to transmit his enlightenment to people of different capacities and circumstances, a broad range of interpretative schools emerged after his passing. The Lotus Sutra was translated by different schools and gained particular prominence as it spread through Central Asia into China, the Korean peninsula and Japan, mainly because of the universality of its message--that all people can attain enlightenment.
Lotus Sutra's message of equality
The Lotus Sutra describes the existence of an innate and universal truth, known as the Buddha nature, inherent in all life. It teaches profound respect for the dignity of life. The Lotus Sutra is unique among the teachings of Shakyamuni in that it affirms that the attainment of enlightenment is a possibility open to all people without distinction of race, gender, social standing, or education.
Nichiren, living in thirteenth century Japan, studied the Buddhist sutras in depth and emphasized the supremacy of the Lotus Sutra (myoho-renge-kyo, in Japanese), defining the essence of its teaching as Nam-myoho-renge-kyo.
Practice For Self and Others--The Bodhisattva Way
The Lotus Sutra, like many other Mahayana sutras, teaches the Bodhisattva ideal as a model of human behavior. The Bodhisattva practice means to strive for one's own enlightenment while working to relieve suffering and bring joy to others.