This week, Ox Herding will focus on several of the essential teaching phrases used by the Korean Zen Master Seung Sahn (Dae Soen Sa Nim).
When Dae Soen Sa Nim first came to America, he spoke no English so he quickly learned to encapsulate vast chunks of Buddhist teaching into a few short English phrases. He deployed these with great precision, even after he gained fluency in the language.
Of all these expressions, none was more central than don't know. He used this phrase repeatedly but never wore it out. Here's a sample:
Throw away all opinions, all likes and dislikes, and only keep the mind that doesn't know. This is very important.
Don't know mind is the mind that cuts off all thinking. When all thinking has been cut off, you become empty mind. This is before thinking.
Your before thinking mind, my before thinking mind, all people's before thinking minds are the same. This is your substance.
In Zen, this don't know mind traces directly back to Bodhidharma, who famously replied, "Don't know!," to Emperor Wu's question about his identity.
But the tradition of not-knowing greatly precedes Bodhidharma, appearing even in early Greek philosophy:
The Greek philosopher Socrates used to teach, "You must understand your true self."
One time someone asked Socrates, "Teacher, do you understand your true self?"
Socrates replied, "I don't know. But I also understand this don't know."
And, of course, about the same times as Socrates, the Buddha emphasized the importance of not-knowing, which he called wisdom ("prajna" in Sanskrit). Prajna means "before thinking" (pra=before; jna=thought).
And what is before thinking? Don't know. The Buddha said:
"The sharp butcher's knife" is a term for noble wisdom - the noble wisdom that cuts, severs, and carves away the inner defilements, fetters, and bonds. (Nandokovada Sutta)
Correct wisdom [says]: "This is not mine, this I am not, this is not my self." (Dhatuvibhanga Sutta)
By cutting away everything, the Buddha taught that don't know precedes name and form, including the names and forms of Buddhism. Thus, Zen Master Seung Sahn once said:
I don't teach Korean or Mahayana or Zen. I don't even teach Buddhism.
I only teach don't know.
Fifty years here and there teaching only don't know. So only don't know, okay?
Okay!