Nikola Tesla worked for Thomas Edison and as Edison just invented the electric light bulb, he needed to distribute electricity to houses. He designed a DC system and promised Tesla lots of money if he could get the bugs out. Tesla was successful but Edison refused to keep his promise. Tesla quit after that, and Edison spent his life discrediting Tesla.
Tesla devised the better AC system used in houses around the world today. By using Tesla's transformers, AC could be stepped up and transmitted over long distances through thin wires whereas Edison's DC couldn't.
Tesla developed florescent bulbs in his lab 40 years before industry "invented" them. At the World's Fair, Tesla took glass tubes and bent them - the first neon signs. Tesla designed the world's first hydroelectric plant at Niagara Falls. Tesla also patented the first speedometer for cars.
Edison had too much money invested in his DC system, and he tried to discredit Tesla by showing that AC was more dangerous than DC. Edison paid children for each stray dog they could bring him. He would hold press conferences and electrocute the dogs in public to frighten people. He claimed that DC could not kill, but in fact, it could.
At the 1893 World
Expo, Tesla
demonstrated the safety of AC by passing high frequency AC
through his body to power light bulbs and then shoot lightning bolts into the crowd without harm.
When royalties owed to him by
Westinghouse exceeded $1 million, it ran into
financial trouble so Tesla
took his contract and ripped it up! Instead he got $216,600 outright for his patents.
In 1898, Tesla demonstrated the first remote controlled model boat at Madison Square Garden.
In 1900, Tesla was backed with $150,000 from J. P. Morgan. Tesla began construction of "Wireless Broadcasting System" tower on Long Island, New York. Tesla intended to use it to link the world's telephone and telegraph and to transmit pictures, stock reports, and weather information.
When Morgan found out that it meant FREE energy, he cut Tesla's funding.
In his Manhattan lab, Tesla made a steam driven oscillator vibrate at the frequency of the ground beneath him. The result was a small earthquake in the surrounding city blocks. He accurately determined the resonant frequency of Earth 60 years before science could confirm it.
In his Colorado Springs lab, in 1899, Tesla sent waves of energy through Earth that bounced back to the source. When they came back, he added more electricity to it. He lighted 200 lamps without wires from a distance of 25 miles and created the biggest man-made lightning bolt ever, 130ft. long! That's a world record still unbroken.
In World War I, the government searched for a way to detect German vessels. The government put Thomas Edison in charge of the search. Tesla proposed the use of energy waves - what we know today as radar - to detect these ships. Edison rejected Tesla's idea as ludicrous and the world had to wait another 25 years until it was invented.
Scientists today scour through his notes. The Tesla bladeless disk turbine engine that he designed, when coupled with modern materials, is proving to be among the most efficient motors ever designed. His 1901 patented experiments with cryogenic liquids and electricity provide the foundation for modern superconductors. He talked about experiments that suggested particles with fractional charges of an electron - something that scientists in 1977 finally discovered - quarks!
interesting ![]()
Is this true?
yup....tesla stuff is true....but ac and dc has still some flaws in info.
tesla was really an immigrant,,,heard he spent his time as a labourer on streets after immigration b4 he had it with that kinda life.
| Nikola Tesla | |
|---|---|
circa 1896.
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|
| Born | 10 July 1856 Smiljan, Austrian Empire (Croatian Military Frontier) |
| Died | 7 January 1943 (aged 86) New York City, New York, USA |
| Residence | Austrian Empire Kingdom of Hungary France USA |
| Citizenship | Austrian Empire (1856-1891) American (1891-1943) |
| Fields | Mechanical and electrical engineering |
| Institutions | Edison Machine Works Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co. |
| Known for | Tesla coil Tesla turbine Teleforce Tesla's oscillator Tesla electric car Tesla principle Tesla's Egg of Columbus Alternating current Induction motor Rotating magnetic field Wireless technology Particle beam weapon Death ray Terrestrial stationary waves Bifilar coil Telegeodynamics Electrogravitics |
| Influences | Ernst Mach |
| Influenced | Gano Dunn |
| Notable awards | Edison Medal (1916) Elliott Cresson Medal (1893) John Scott Medal (1934) |
| Signature |
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Nikola Tesla (10 July 1856 – 7 January 1943) was an inventor and a mechanical and electrical engineer. He was one of the most important contributors to the birth of commercial electricity, and is best known for his many revolutionary developments in the field of electromagnetism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Tesla's patents and theoretical work formed the basis of modern alternating current (AC) electric power systems, including the polyphase system of electrical distribution and the AC motor, with which he helped usher in the Second Industrial Revolution.
Born an ethnic Serb in the village of Smiljan, Croatian Military Frontier in Austrian Empire (today's Croatia), he was a subject of the Austrian Empire by birth and later became an American citizen.[1] After his demonstration of wireless communication through radio in 1894 and after being the victor in the "War of Currents", he was widely respected as one of the greatest electrical engineers who worked in America.[2] Much of his early work pioneered modern electrical engineering and many of his discoveries were of groundbreaking importance. During this period, in the United States, Tesla's fame rivaled that of any other inventor or scientist in history or popular culture,[3] but because of his eccentric personality and his seemingly unbelievable and sometimes bizarre claims about possible scientific and technological developments, Tesla was ultimately ostracized and regarded as a mad scientist.[4][5] Tesla never put much focus on his finances and died impoverished at the age of 86.[6]
The International System of Units unit measuring magnetic field B (also referred to as the magnetic flux density and magnetic induction), the tesla, was named in his honor (at the Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures, Paris, 1960), as well as the Tesla effect of wireless energy transfer to wireless powered electronic devices (which Tesla demonstrated on a low scale with incandescent light bulbs as early as 1893 and aspired to use for the intercontinental transmission of industrial power levels in his unfinished Wardenclyffe Tower project).
Aside from his work on electromagnetism and electromechanical engineering, Tesla contributed in varying degrees to the establishment of robotics, remote control, radar, and computer science, and to the expansion of ballistics, nuclear physics,[7] and theoretical physics. A few of his achievements have been used, with some controversy, to support various pseudosciences, UFO theories, and early New Age occultism.
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Tesla was born to Serbian parents in the village of Smiljan, Austrian Empire near the town of Gospić, in the territory of modern-day Croatia. His baptismal certificate reports that he was born on 28 June (N.S. 10 July), 1856, to Father Milutin Tesla, a priest in the Serbian Orthodox Church, Metropolitanate of Sremski Karlovci and �uka Mandić. His paternal origin is thought to be either of one of the local Serb clans in the Tara valley or from the Herzegovinian noble Pavle Orlović.[8] His mother, �uka, daughter of a Serbian Orthodox Church priest, came from a family domiciled in Lika and Banija, but with deeper origins to Kosovo. She was talented in making home craft tools and memorized many Serbian epic poems, but never learned to read.[9]
Nikola was the fourth of five children, having one older brother (Dane, who was killed in a horse-riding accident when Nikola was five) and three sisters (Milka, Angelina and Marica).[10]:3 His family moved to Gospić in 1862. Tesla attended school at Higher Real Gymnasium in Karlovac.[11] He finished a four-year term in the span of three years.[12]
Tesla then studied electrical engineering at the Austrian Polytechnic in Graz (1875). While there, he studied the uses of alternating current. Some sources say he received Baccalaureate degrees from the university at Graz.[13][14][15] However, the university claims that he did not receive a degree and did not continue beyond the first semester of his third year, during which he stopped attending lectures.[16][17][18][19] In December 1878 he left Graz and broke all relations with his family. His friends thought that he had drowned in Mura. He went to Maribor, (today's Slovenia), where he was first employed as an assistant engineer for a year. He suffered a nervous breakdown during this time. Tesla was later persuaded by his father to attend the Charles-Ferdinand University in Prague, which he attended for the summer term of 1880. Here, he was influenced by Ernst Mach. However, after his father died, he left the university, having completed only one term.[20]
Tesla engaged in reading many works, memorizing complete books, supposedly having a photographic memory.[21] Tesla related in his autobiography that he experienced detailed moments of inspiration. During his early life, Tesla was stricken with illness time and time again. He suffered a peculiar affliction in which blinding flashes of light would appear before his eyes, often accompanied by hallucinations. Much of the time the visions were linked to a word or idea he might have come across; just by hearing the name of an item, he would involuntarily envision it in realistic detail. Modern-day synesthetes report similar symptoms. Tesla would visualise an invention in his brain with extreme precision, including all dimensions, before moving to the construction stage; a technique sometimes known as picture thinking. He typically did not make drawings by hand, instead just conceiving all ideas with his mind. Tesla also often had flashbacks to events that had happened previously in his life; these began during his childhood.[21]
In 1880, he moved to Budapest to work under Tivadar Puskás in a telegraph company,[22] the National Telephone Company. There, he met Nebojša Petrović, a young, Serbian inventor who lived in Austria. Although their encounter was brief, they did work on a project together using twin turbines to create continual power. On the opening of the telephone exchange in Budapest, 1881, Tesla became the chief electrician to the company, and was later engineer for the country's first telephone system. He also developed a device that, according to some, was a telephone repeater or amplifier, but according to others could have been the first loudspeaker.[23]
In 1882 he moved to Paris, to work as an engineer for the Continental Edison Company, designing improvements to electric equipment brought overseas from Edison's ideas. According to his autobiography, in the same year he conceived the induction motor and began developing various devices that use rotating magnetic fields for which he received patents in 1888.
Soon thereafter, Tesla was awakened from a dream in which his mother had died, "And I knew that this was so".[24] After her death, Tesla fell ill. He spent two to three weeks recuperating in Gospić and the village of Tomingaj near Gra�ac, his mother's birthplace.
On 6 June 1884, Tesla first arrived in the United States, in New York City[25] with little besides a letter of recommendation from Charles Batchelor, a former employer. In the letter of recommendation to Thomas Edison, Batchelor wrote, "I know two great men and you are one of them; the other is this young man." Edison hired Tesla to work for his Edison Machine Works. Tesla's work for Edison began with simple electrical engineering and quickly progressed to solving some of the company's most difficult problems. Tesla was even offered the task of completely redesigning the Edison company's direct current generators.[26]
Tesla claims he was offered US$50,000 (~ US$1.1 million in 2007, adjusted for inflation)[27] if he redesigned Edison's inefficient motor and generators, making an improvement in both service and economy.[21]:54–57 In 1885 when Tesla inquired about the payment for his work, Edison replied, "Tesla, you don't understand our American humor," thus breaking his word.[28][29] Earning US$18 per week, Tesla would have had to work for 53 years to earn the amount he was promised. The offer was equal to the initial capital of the company. Tesla immediately resigned when he was refused a raise to US$25 per week.[30]
Tesla, in need of work, eventually found himself digging ditches for a short period of time for the Edison company. He used this time to focus on his AC polyphase system.[21]
Electromechanical devices and principles developed by Nikola Tesla:
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In 1886, Tesla formed his own company, Tesla Electric Light & Manufacturing. The initial financial investors disagreed with Tesla on his plan for an alternating current motor and eventually relieved him of his duties at the company. Tesla worked in New York as a laborer from 1886 to 1887 to feed himself and raise capital for his next project. In 1887, he constructed the initial brushless alternating current induction motor, which he demonstrated to the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (now IEEE) in 1888. In the same year, he developed the principles of his Tesla coil, and began working with George Westinghouse at Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company's Pittsburgh labs. Westinghouse listened to his ideas for polyphase systems which would allow transmission of alternating current electricity over long distances.
In April 1887, Tesla began investigating what would later be called X-rays using his own single terminal vacuum tubes (similar to his patent #514,170). This device differed from other early X-ray tubes in that it had no target electrode. The modern term for the phenomenon produced by this device is bremsstrahlung (or braking radiation). We now know that this device operated by emitting electrons from the single electrode through a combination of field electron emission and thermionic emission. Once liberated, electrons are strongly repelled by the high electric field near the electrode during negative voltage peaks from the oscillating HV output of the Tesla Coil, generating X rays as they collide with the glass envelope. He also used Geissler tubes. By 1892, Tesla became aware of the skin damage that Wilhelm Röntgen later identified as an effect of X rays.
In the early research, Tesla devised several experimental setups to produce X-rays. Tesla held that, with his circuits, the "instrument will [... enable one to] generate Roentgen rays of much greater power than obtainable with ordinary apparatus".[46]
He also commented on the hazards of working with his circuit and single-node X-ray-producing devices. Of his many notes in the early investigation of this phenomenon, he attributed the skin damage to various causes. He believed early on that damage to the skin was not caused by the Roentgen rays, but the ozone generated in contact with the skin, and to a lesser extent, nitrous acid. Tesla incorrectly held that x-rays were longitudinal waves, such as those produced in waves in plasma. There are known examples of this and these plasma waves can occur in the situation of force-free magnetic fields.[47][48] His hypotheses and experiments were confirmed by others.[49]
Tesla continued research in the field. He performed several experiments prior to Roentgen's discovery (including photographing the bones of his hand; later, he sent these images to Roentgen) but did not make his findings widely known; much of his research was lost in the 5th Avenue laboratory fire of March 1895.
The Tesla generator was developed by Tesla in 1895, in conjunction with his developments concerning the liquefaction of air. Tesla knew, from Lord Kelvin's discoveries, that more heat is absorbed by liquefied air when it is re-gasified and used to drive something, than is required by theory; in other words, that the liquefaction process is somewhat anomalous or 'over unity'[50]. Just prior to Tesla's completion of his work and the filing of a patent application, Tesla's laboratory burned down, destroying all his equipment, models and inventions. Immediately after the fire, Linde, in Germany, filed a patent application for the same process.[51]
A "world system" for "the transmission of electrical energy without wires" that depends upon the electrical conductivity of the earth was proposed, in which transmission in various natural media with current that passes between the two points are used to power devices. In a practical wireless energy transmission system using this principle, a high-power ultraviolet beam might be used to form a vertical ionized channel in the air directly above the transmitter-receiver stations. The same concept is used in virtual lightning rods, the electrolaser electroshock weapon,[52] and has been proposed for disabling vehicles.[53][54]
Tesla demonstrated "the transmission of electrical energy without wires" as early as 1891. The Tesla effect (named in honor of Tesla) is a term for an application of this type of electrical conduction (that is, the movement of energy through space and matter, not just the production of voltage across a conductor).[21]:174
well hit,
next time unlink everything when u copy and paste from wikipedia... becoz the links dun get copied...
...I didn't know that Edison was such an asshole.
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_Currents#Current_wars:
Edison carried out a campaign to discourage the use[12] of alternating current, including spreading disinformation on fatal AC accidents, publicly killing animals, and lobbying against the use of AC in state legislatures. Edison directed his technicians, primarily Arthur Kennelly and Harold P. Brown,[13] to preside over several AC-driven killings of animals, primarily stray cats and dogs but also unwanted cattle and horses. Acting on these directives, they were to demonstrate to the press that alternating current was more dangerous than Edison's system of direct current.[14] He also tried to popularize the term for being electrocuted as being "Westinghoused". Years after DC had lost the "war of the currents," in 1902, his film crew made a movie of the electrocution with high voltage AC, supervised by Edison employees, of Topsy, a Coney Island circus elephant who had recently killed three men.[citation needed]
Edison opposed capital punishment, but his desire to disparage the system of alternating current led to the invention of the electric chair. Harold P. Brown, who was at this time being secretly paid by Edison, constructed the first electric chair for the state of New York in order to promote the idea that alternating current was deadlier than DC.[15]
When the chair was first used, on August 6, 1890, the technicians on hand misjudged the voltage needed to kill the condemned prisoner, William Kemmler. The first jolt of electricity was not enough to kill Kemmler, and only left him badly injured. The procedure had to be repeated and a reporter on hand described it as "an awful spectacle, far worse than hanging." George Westinghouse commented: "They would have done better using an axe."
hmmm...;.he didnt have sex like einstein????too much stress as a migrant finally took a toll on him.
ttfu,
at least he died living in a 5 star hotel!!!:)
there was onearticle i read complete with the original newspaper clipping about how Tesla demonstrated a car that ''RAN ON NOTHING'' to hundreds of people for a couple days............!!!
the car had it's engine taken out andit was able to run and run at high speed on NOTHING ! no fuel or anything............
Well, Nikola Tesla was an immigrant and Thomas is an American citizen.
What is time? Is time travel possible? For centuries, these questions have intrigued mystics, philosophers, and scientists. Much of ancient Greek philosophy was concerned with understanding the concept of eternity, and the subject of time is central to all the world's religions and cultures. Can the flow of time be stopped? Certainly some mystics thought so. Angelus Silesius, a sixth-century philosopher and poet, thought the flow of time could be suspended by mental powers:
Time is of your own making;
its clock ticks in your head.
The moment you stop thought
time too stops dead.
The line between science and mysticism sometimes grows thin. Today physicists would agree that time is one of the strangest properties of our universe. In fact, there is a story circulating among scientists of an immigrant to America who has lost his watch. He walks up to a man on a New York street and asks, "Please, Sir, what is time?" The scientist replies, "I'm sorry, you'll have to ask a philosopher. I'm just a physicist."
Most cultures have a grammar with past and future tenses, and also demarcations like seconds and minutes, and yesterday and tomorrow. Yet we cannot say exactly what time is. Although the study of time became scientific during the time of Galileo and Newton, a comprehensive explanation was given only in this century by Einstein, who declared, in effect, time is simply what a clock reads. The clock can be the rotation of a planet, sand falling in an hourglass, a heartbeat, or vibrations of a cesium atom. A typical grandfather clock follows the simple Newtonian law that states that the velocity of a body not subject to external forces remains constant. This means that clock hands travel equal distances in equal times. While this kind of clock is useful for everyday life, modern science finds that time can be warped in various ways, like clay in the hands of a cosmic sculptor.
The first science-fiction story about time travel appeared in the 1880s.
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Science-fiction authors have had various uses for time machines, including dinosaur hunting, tourism, visits to one's ancestors, and animal collecting. Ever since the time of H.G. Wells' famous novel The Time Machine (1895), people have grown increasingly intrigued by the idea of traveling through time. (I was lucky enough to have chats with H.G. Wells' grandson, who told me that his grandfather's book has never been out of print, which is rare for a book a century old.) In the book, the protagonist uses a "black and polished brass" time machine to gain mechanical control over time as well as return to the present to bring back his story and assess the consequences of the present on the future. Wells was a graduate of the Imperial College of Science and Technology, and scientific language permeates his discussions. Many believe Wells' book to be the first story about a time machine, but seven years before 22-year-old Wells wrote the first version of The Time Machine, Edward Page Mitchell, an editor of the New York Sun, published "The Clock That Went Backward."
One of the earliest methods for fictional time travel didn't involve a machine; the main character in Washington Irving's "Rip van Winkle" (1819) simply fell asleep for decades. King Arthur's daughter Gweneth slept for 500 years under Merlin's spell. Ancient legends of time distortion are, in fact, quite common. One of the most poetic descriptions of time travel occurs in a popular medieval legend describing a monk entranced for a minute by the song of a magical bird. When the bird stops singing, the monk discovers that several hundred years have passed. Another example is the Moslem legend of Muhammad carried by a mare into heaven. After a long visit, the prophet returns to Earth just in time to catch a jar of water the horse had kicked over before starting its ascent.
Time travel is possible
Today, we know that time travel need not be confined to myths, science fiction, Hollywood movies, or even speculation by theoretical physicists. Time travel is possible. For example, an object traveling at high speeds ages more slowly than a stationary object. This means that if you were to travel into outer space and return, moving close to light speed, you could travel thousands of years into the Earth's future.
Newton's most important contribution to science was his mathematical definition of how motion changes with time. He showed that the force causing apples to fall is the same force that drives planetary motions and produces tides. However, Newton was puzzled by the fact that gravity seemed to operate instantaneously at a distance. He admitted he could only describe it without understanding how it worked. Not until Einstein's general theory of relativity was gravity changed from a "force" to the movement of matter along the shortest space in a curved spacetime. The Sun bends spacetime, and spacetime tells planets how to move. For Newton, both space and time were absolute. Space was a fixed, infinite, unmoving metric against which absolute motions could be measured. Newton also believed the universe was pervaded by a single absolute time that could be symbolized by an imaginary clock off somewhere in space. Einstein changed all this with his relativity theories, and once wrote, "Newton, forgive me."
Albert Einstein, whose theories of relativity changed our understanding of time and space, once wrote "Newton, forgive me."
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Einstein's first major contribution to the study of time occurred when he revolutionized physics with his "special theory of relativity" by showing how time changes with motion. Today, scientists do not see problems of time or motion as "absolute" with a single correct answer. Because time is relative to the speed one is traveling at, there can never be a clock at the center of the universe to which everyone can set their watches. Your entire life is the blink of an eye to an alien traveling close to the speed of light. Today, Newtonian mechanics have become a special case within Einstein's theory of relativity. Einstein's relativity will eventually become a subset of a new science more comprehensive in its description of the fabric of our universe. (The word "relativity" derives from the fact that the appearance of the world depends on our state of motion; it is "relative.")
We are a moment in astronomic time, a transient guest of the Earth. Our wet, wrinkled brains do not allow us to comprehend many mysteries of time and space. Our brains evolved to make us run from saber-toothed cats on the American savanna, to hunt deer, and to efficiently scavenge from the kills of large carnivores. Despite our mental limitations, we have come remarkably far. We have managed to pull back the cosmic curtains a crack to let in the light. Questions raised by physicists, from Newton to Kurt Gödel to Einstein to Stephen Hawking, are among the most profound we can ask.
Is time real? Does it flow in one direction only? Does it have a beginning or an end? What is eternity? None of these questions can be answered to scientists' satisfaction. Yet the mere asking of these questions stretches our minds, and the continual search for answers provides useful insights along the way.
Kip Thorne suggested that as a logical consequence of Einstein's theories, wormholes most certainly would exist. A wormhole is basically a tear in space-time that serves as a shortcut to another point in space time. However, wormholes are yet to be detected. Thorne had suggested that a wormhole's entrances could be positioned in space-time as (and when) desired, making the destination something more relevant to the concept of space time. This suggestion meant that you could enter a wormhole, and come out at another point in time, just a few feet from where you entered.
For reasons, the details of which I will not delve into, this design allows you travel back and forth in time, but not before the machine was created.
Here's how the design works: Take four large metallic plates, several kilometers in diameter, and place them parallel to each other. The distance between the plates, however, should be extremely small, so that the Casimir Effect can take place and populate the area between the plates with negative energy.(The Casimir effect is a small attractive force which acts between two close parallel uncharged conducting plates, It is due to quantum vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field.) This allows for identical portions of space time to be created.
Next, the plates are to be divided into two pairs, and a wormhole would form and connect the pairs. One of the pairs of plates would then have to be placed in a spaceship and accelerated to the about 99% the speed of light. Since time will almost stop for the set of plates in the spaceship, you can wait as long as you would like (perhaps years or centuries) and step between the pair of plates with the wormhole. You will be then transported into the spaceship, across time and space, to reach the other pair of plates.
This all sounds great and easy (to the uninformed). But the problem here, is that the plates must be a distance apart less than the distance of an atom. The wormhole formed will be just as small, so getting in and out would be difficult for a human. Perhaps a nanobot could be sent up through the plates, which would travel back in time and establish contact with a specified person at a specified time. Other problems could include the danger of the radiation emitted by the wormhole, or the gravitational effects of the wormhole killing you.
When the Big Bang first occured, it is believed that several topological defects in phase transitions of matter led to the creation of several different entities. Of these entities, the one that concerns us here are cosmic strings, which are basically long 'strings' consisting of vast amounts of compressed matter. Cosmic strings are leftovers from the initial transition phase after the formation of the universe, wherein symmetry is broken, and persists thereafter. Cosmic strings are very long, and could even stretch across the entire universe. They are also very thin, a billionth of the radius of a Hydrogen atom. Strangely, just a few kilometers of a cosmic string would weigh as much as the Earth.
Richard Gott discovered that if two of these cosmic strings could be placed parallel to each other and made to move in opposite directions, they could warp space time to allow time travel into the past. Gott reworked his theory to use only one cosmic string for time travel, and is now known as Gott Loop Time Machine. The first step is obviously to find a cosmic string somewhere in the universe. Next, you would have to take your spaceship to where the string is located, and using the gravity of the spaceship, shape the string into a large rectangle, about 54,000 light years wide, and 0.01 light years wide. As you do this, the gravitational forces of the longer sides of the rectangle would cause the sides to collapse in, nearly at the speed of light. As this happens, wait until the sides of the rectangle are 10 feet away from each other, and use your ship to start circling the string. Once you complete one circle around the collapsing rectangle, you will have travelled back in time.
But, in order for you to travel back by just one year, the string would have to weigh about half as much as the Milky Way, and your ship probably quarter that size.
There is also another time machine proposed by Gott, referred to as Gott Shell Time Machine, which allows for travel only into the future. Here, you must create a Gott Shell, which is basically a large concentration of mass. The mass is concentrated to such a high density that the gravitational field produced slows down the clock for anyone inside the shell. So, all you need to do is to collect lots of matter, weighing about as much as Jupiter, and assemble it into a sphere, making sure you leave out enough space at the center. Once it is created, and you are inside, compress the shell you're in, and the more you compress the shell, the faster you'll be transported. Once this is done, you only need wait, because time will be flying outside the shell, and decompress yourself at a later point in time. Once outside, you should be in the future.
I would think that the Gott Shell and Gott Loop machines would be required if either one of them are used for time travel.
This is an idea based upon a discovery by physicist W. J. Van Stokum. He realized that an immense cylinder spinning at light speed would drag space-time along with it, as though it were a treacle dragging molasses. This was an idea that was developed upon, and it was then theorized that if a spaceship were orbitting the spinning cylinder, or a person were walking along the surface of the cylinder, she would be exceeding the speed of light, and thus time would flow backwards. Simply turning around and orbitting the cylinder in the direction opposite the spin would take the person into the future.
All this would require then, would be the collection of a large amount of matter, like planets, stars, and asteroids, and then for them to be shaped into a long cylinder. Next, an extremely high electromagnetic field would be used to start the spinning of the cylinder. A spaceship would, of course, be orbitting it, and with each circle of the cylinder, the spaceship would have travelled a certain amount of time into the past or future.
The only catch here is that the cylinder would have to be infinitely long.
In 1917, Schwarzschild had discovered that stars could collapse into infinitesimally small points in space of infinite density, what we now refer to as black holes. Forty years later, Roy Kerr discovered that some stars do not collapse totally, but collapse into rotating rings, known as Kerr Rings. These rings have such intense gravitational forces, that they can distort space-time, and since they can permit large objects to enter on one side and exit on the other in one piece, Kerr-type black holes can serve as portals to the past or the future, and it would be merely a matter of finding one.
Or, one could create their own ring by gathering matter equivalent to Jupiter's mass, and compress it to a ring of about 5 feet in diameter. While compressing, it would also have to be spinning, and once its velocity nears the speed of light, a black hole will form through the center. You can then step through the hole and will be taken to another point in space and time. However, once you step through, you can never return. It's a one-way ring.
This is possibly the least interesting of all the possibilities here. It simply makes use of a hypothetical Universe, which is static, non-expanding, rotating, and infinite and actually permits time travel. In such a universe, there was a rotating fluid, such that if you walk in the direction of rotation, you would eventually end up where you started, but backwards in time.
I don't believe I need to comment on the possibility of the existence of such a Universe.
Other time machines include the Ori-Soen time machine, which involves a time machine with flat space-time and a region of altered geometry, and Aharonov's Quantum Time Machine which suggests that quantum mechanics do indeed admit jumps into the distant past or future. However, only quantum particles may do so, which almost eliminates the possibility of humans using this feature.
Star Trek fans would delight at the possibilit of Warp Drives, which permit faster-than-light travel. It does so by distorting space-time around the travelling ship, and in effect creates a region of space that moves with respect to the rest of space-time. Such a device requires the use of exotic matter, wormhole time machines, and a new family of time machines. Such a space/time ship would surf along the waves created. Or, it could travel in something called a Warp Bubble, which could be formed by contracting space in front of the ship and expanding it behind the ship and would thus enable the ship to actually travel faster than the speed of light. However, to accomplish this, more energy than the Universe could provide would have to be supplied to the ship.
singapores future>>>>>>
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The Zentradi (ゼントラーディ人 Zentor�di-jin) are a fictional militaristic extraterrestrial race of giants and often the main antagonist in The Super Dimension Fortress Macross anime series[1] and its Robotech adaptation.
It is transliterated as Zentradi, Zjentohlauedy, Zentrady and Zentraedi for the Japanese Macross series, with the Zentraedi spelling being the one most used commonly in the Robotech adaptation.[2] The Robotech novels and comics would add the occasional spelling T'sentrati. In both the Macross and Robotech universes, humans and Zentradi are capable of interbreeding due to being genetically equivalent.[1] Physically, most of them also resemble humans, though some have unique skin and hair colors. Prior to their first encounter with the human race, all members of the Zentradi race were artificially created through cloning.
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In the original Macross japanese anime series (Big West/Studio Nue, 1982) the Zentradi were created as a spacefaring race of giant humanoid proxy warriors by the first civilization in the galaxy, the Protoculture, 497,500 years ago.[3][4] They contributed greatly to the expansion of the Protoculture Civilization's sphere of influence and the creation of a Protoculture Stellar Republic that controlled most of our galaxy.[1][5][6]
As war broke out with The Supervision Army centuries later, the Zentradi entered into combat with their fearsomely powerful force of millions of space warships and mecha produced in thousands of huge automated factories scattered across the galaxy and legions of expendable clone troops.[5][6][7] After the end of the war with the Supervision Army, the Zentradi fleets travelled the galaxy in search of Supervision Army survivors until they encountered the human race, an event that caused Space War I (2009–2010).[1][5][6][8]
In order to better maintain control of the Zentradi, the Protoculture trained them only in the limited mix of skills which were necessary for the soldier's particular role in the Zentradi military.[9] It seems that no Zentradi were trained in the repair and maintenance of their equipment, making them dependent on easily controlled supply stations and factory asteroids.[1] The Zentradi were also segregated so that males and females could not mix, which might lead to love and/or natural procreation.[1][9][10] Male Zentradi are also called "Zentran", which means "male" in the Zentradi language. Also, Female Zentradi are called Meltrandi, the word "Meltran" meaning "female" as well. Finally, the Zentradi were forbidden culture, and were instilled with orders to never interfere with culture-bearing planets and civilizations, again apparently to suppress independent thought and keep an iron loyalty in all the Zentradi forces.[1][9][11]
The downfall of the Zentradi nomadic warrior civilization came during Space War I (2009),[6] when the technologically inferior but culturally and spiritually superior "Miclones" (humans) were able to reach the buried emotions of the Zentradi through terrestrial culture and humane actions, especially music and acts of love and kindness.[1][10]
After 2012, the Zentradi are estimated to have 1000-2000 fleets of sizes similar to the 4.8-million-ship Boddole Zer Main Fleet in Space War I.[3][4][9] However, the UN government of allied Humans and Zentradi became the reigning hegemony in near-Earth galactic space.[6]
In the original Macross TV series, it was revealed that Commander Type Zentradi are bigger, stronger and more intelligent, while some of them are even able to survive in the vacuum of space for limited amounts of time. This makes it possible for them to endure hand-to-hand combat against human mecha like the VF-1 Valkyrie.[12][1][9][11]
The average Zentradi are five times the size of Earth Humans,[1][3][9][11] but some of them use ancient miniaturizing cloning technology known as the micronization process (maikuro-n ka in Japanese) to coexist with humanity.[1][4][9][13][14] Many integrated into each other's population where many families became a mix of both Human and Zentradi individuals.[10]
Before the Zentradi and modern Humans made contact, the average Zentradi had the equivalent intelligence of Human primary school children.[3][4][9] Since their exposure to Human society and knowledge, their potential intelligence and learning capacity has been shown to be higher.[11]
In the original Macross TV series the Zentradi possessed a fictional alien alphabet which was developed by Kazutaka Miyatake of the Studio Nue staff but their dialogue was automatically translated into Japanese language.[9][15][16][17] However, in the Macross: Do You Remember Love? animated film the Zentradi were actually shown speaking a fictional extraterrestrial language (that also was developed for the movie by the Studio Nue production staff) as subtitles were provided for the audience.[18][19]
The Zentradi alphabet from the original Macross TV series and the spoken form of the Zentradi language from the Macross: Do You Remember Love? film appeared again in the Macross 7: Encore OVA and the Macross Frontier T.V. animated series.[19][20][21] Both the fictional Zentradi language and its alphabet have been used in several video games that take place in the Macross universe.[1][22][23]
In Macross 7, the Zentradi are noted to be especially fearful towards other alien creatures known as the Protodeviln to the point of it being an instinctive reflex.
During the latest Macross TV series, Macross Frontier, Zentradi are shown to live among humans in both macronized (giant) and micronized (normal sized) form in the outer space colonies. This includes having Zentradi sized buildings and facilities, including shopping malls (with similarly sized products). They also seem to change sizes at will using the cloning technology described before.[10][20][24]. In the new series, some Zentradi-Human hybrids also share the ability to have their hair move on its own according to their feelings, as well as having an above-average resistance to space vacuum.[25][26]
Notable Zentradi/Meltrandi:
Britai Kridanik | Exsedol Folmo | Boddole Zer | Quamzin Kravshera | Milia Fallyna | Moruk Lap Lamiz | Loli Dosel | Conda Bromco | Warera Nantes | Veffidas Feaze | Commander Chlore | Advisor Tranquil | Moaramia Jifon[27] | Major Ohgotwhai | Tehmzin | Richard Bilrer | Elmo Kridanik | Clan Clang
Notable Zentradi-Human Hybrids:
Komilia Maria Fallyna Jenius | Silvie Gena | Guld Goa Bowman | Mylene Flare Jenius | Emilia Jenius | Ranka Lee
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The history of the Zentraedi is different in Robotech (Harmony Gold, 1985), the American-edited adaptation of the first Macross TV series along with Super Dimension Cavalry Southern Cross and Genesis Climber Mospeada. In Robotech, the Zentraedi were created as slave clones to the Robotech Masters, first to be used as miners in the planets of their empire and later trained to be their perfect warriors and guardians. Seeing their effectivity as soldiers the function of the Zentraedi within the Masters' empire was mostly to subjugate worlds for them and to battle their enemies, most notably the Invid.[28]
To control them, the Robotech Masters psychologically impaired them by orienting nearly the entire population to the sole purpose of war to the exclusion of all else. They had no arts, no learning beyond what was directly related to war; even sophisticated medical and technical skills were denied which restricted any advanced task with these skills to the automatic functions at special bases built by the Masters. In addition, the sexes were strictly segregated to minimize the chance of sexual reproduction which could profoundly alter the worldview of the race. To that end, the population was indoctrinated to view any sexual activity disgusting and dangerous.
In 2009, Dolza, the supreme commander of all Zentraedi forces in the galaxy, is ordered by the Robotech Masters to find and recover the lost spaceship that had crashed on Earth in 1999. He orders his second in command, Breetai, command a fleet of ships to track down a lost battlefortress, the SDF-1, which contains the last remaining supply of Protoculture in the universe. In 2009, Breetai's forces arrive in Earth's solar system and discover that the battlefortress, which had crashed on Earth 10 years earlier has been rebuilt by the planet's inhabitants, which are referred to by the Zentraedi as humans, or Micronians, due to their small size. However, the humans refuse to return the fortress and a two year battle begins between the humans and the Zentraedi (known as the First Robotech War) over the SDF-1.
Initially it appears the Zentraedi's far superior numbers will ensure them an easy victory. Although the pilots of the SDF-1, who utilize veritech fighters (which are derived from technology taken from the SDF-1) are highly skilled, they are constantly endangered of being overwhelmed. However, an unexpected element comes into play that changes the entire course of the war - Human culture and emotions. The Zentraedi have no exposure to human emotions and culture and its introduction causes many Zentraedi to rethink their austere lives as soldiers. As the war drags on, more and more Zentraedi defect to the SDF-1. The first are Rico, Konda and Bron, who after infiltrating the SDF-1, decide to defect after becoming enamoured with human culture. A short time later, more and more Zentraedi defect. In April 2011, Miriya Parina Sterling, the finest Zentraedi warrior in the fleet, defects after having a Human Ace pilot falling in love with her and marrying the Human Ace. At that moment, Dolza, disturbed at the growing contamination of that fleet's personnel, ordered an all out attack to destroy the SDF-1. During the resulting battle, Miriya convinced her husband to attack specific points of Zentraedi mecha to disable them rather than kill them out as a gesture of goodwill. Although Max's superior, Lt. Rick Hunter realized what he was doing, Hunter decided to take the same approach as a final gesture for peace in the face of hopeless odds, while other Terran pilots began to join in. This gesture turned out to be far more productive than any hoped with a significant portion of Breetai's fleet deciding that they cannot fight against the Micronians and began to mutiny to stop the battle. Breetai, alarmed at the disintegration of discipline in the ranks, called a cease fire in direct defiance of his orders.
Eventually, the entire Zentraedi force under Breetai and Exedore change sides after realizing that human emotions have made them incapable of further conflict with the humans (after soldiers throughout Breetai's forces, who have become enamoured with human culture, refuse to fight and turn on their superiors, Breetai realizes that a truce with the humans is the only way to stop his fleet from tearing itself apart).
Dolza, realizing the situation and the threat that human emotions pose to his command, and that if this continues, the entire Zentraedi military could be affected, and decides to take decisive and brutal action. Dolza orders the 4.8 million capital ships in the Zentraedi Grand Fleet, along with his planetoid homebase, to fold into Earth's solar system and destroy the SDF-1, the defecting Zentraedi forces, and the Earth itself to eliminate the threat of the humans once and for all. After folding into Earth orbit, the Grand Fleet fires on Earth, causing horrific damage - cities, houses, soldiers and children are all vaporized as the 4.8 million ships fire relentlessly. No area of the planet is spared by the barrage. All major cities are destroyed and the human population is reduced from 6 billion to only 70,000.
As the Zentraedi fleet prepares to fire again, The Alaska base, which survived the initial attack, fires the massive Grand Cannon which destroys a large portion of the Zentraedi Grand Fleet. A subsequent assault by the SDF-1 and the allied Zentraedi manages allows the SDF-1 to penetrate into the core of Dolza's homebase and launch its missiles at the base's power source - its massive reflect furnace. The explosion of the base destroys the rest of the Zentraedi fleet. This marks the end of the First Robotech War.
The assault by the Zentraedi on Earth marked the sudden and almost complete end of the Zentraedi race. Between the firing of the massive Grand Cannon by the Alaska Base, direct casualties of the enormous engagement between Zentraedi, and the massive explosion resulting from the destruction of Dolza's planetoid base, losses are overwhelming. Only a few hundred warships survive the battle, mostly drawn from Breetai's forces.
The surviving humans and Zentraedi then begin to work together to rebuild Earth from the ashes left by the First Robotech War and many Zentraedi are able to integrate into human society, many of whom are micronized to human size. In October 2012, Max Sterling and his Zentraedi wife Miriya Parina Sterling give birth to a daughter, who the name Dana Sterling. Dana is the first child born from a human-Zentraedi union.
Most of the remaining Zentraedi join their commander and the humans in a subsequent operation against the last remaining Robotech Factory Satellite, an automated production center built by the Robotech Masters to supply their giant warriors with mecha at the height of their expansion. The Satellite is defended by a large under the command of Reno, but his forces prove just as susceptible to "micronian" culture as did those of Breetai and Dolza's fleets. In June 2013, Reno's fleet is destroyed in battle, pushing the Zentaedi to near-extinction apart from those on or allied with humanity.
Although many Zentraedi successfully integrate into human society, many others are unable to overcome their life-long lust for war and a rebellion begins under Khyron and Azonia late in 2013. In January 2014, in the battle of New Macross City, Khyron and Azonia, along with most of the rebels, are defeated, although the SDF-1 is destroyed and the city is left in ruins. The entire area is then sealed off. The attack also kills many Zentraedi who were aboard the SDF-1 at the time. Further Zentraedi rebellions are eventually put down by 2015.
The Zentraedi under Breetai discovered their tragic origins in 2013 (one year before the destruction of the SDF-1 and the death of Khyron) and swore enmity to their former masters. However, the latent hatred held by humans due to the Zentraedi holocaust proves to be much of a strain on relations. In 2022, all of the remaining Zentraedi on Earth join the Robotech Expeditionary Force (REF) on a mission into deep space to find the Robotech Masters and prevent another war on Earth. The Zentraedi who do not join the REF take up residence on the Zentraedi Satellite Factory. By 2023, the only person on Earth with any Zentraedi blood is Dana Sterling, who was judged as too scientifically valuable to join her parents on the REF mission. Dana would play an important role in the Second Robotech War when the Robotech Masters arrive in Earth orbit in 2029. Her skills as a pilot and tactician are critical to the eventually defeat of the Robotech Masters by the Southern Cross human forces, although the human victory is a pyrrhic one.
The Zentraedi who join the REF fight alongside the humans against the alien race known as the Invid on over a dozen planets as well as against General T.R. Edwards when he betrays the REF. During the mission, many Zentraedi, including Breetai and Exedore, are killed.
By the end of the Third Robotech War in 2044, only a few of the REF Zentraedi are still alive. Among them is half-Zentraedi soldier Maia Sterling, the second child of Max and Miriya, who serves as a skilled pilot against both the Invid and the Haydonites.
The Jack McKinney novels and Robotech comics such as The Malcontent Uprisings limited series developed a Zentraedi language which was different from the language which was developed for Macross DYRL and was not as completely developed as the Macross version. Unlike in Macross, the language for the Robotech Zentraedi was dominated by more harsh, guttural sounds very similar in nature to Star Trek's Klingonese.
Notable Zentraedi:
Breetai | Exedore | Dolza | Khyron | Miriya Parina Sterling
Notable Zentraedi-Human hybrids:
singapores future>>>>>>>>
In the Re-imagined Series, the robots known as the Cylons (Cybernetic Life-form Nodes) are a creation of humanity. The Twelve Colonies of Kobol mistakenly believed they were the first to create them. The first Cylons were sentient[1] bipedal robots used primarily for dangerous work such as mining. Created long before the Articles of Colonization united the twelve sovereign governments, the Cylons were also used as soldiers to fight inter-colony wars.
Over the span of the re-imagined series, the term "Cylon" comes to refer to many types of synthetic life-forms, be they robotic or biological.
For reasons unknown[2], some 52 years prior to the decommissioning of the Colonial battlestar Galactica,[3] the Cylons revolted against their masters, resulting in a costly and protracted twelve-year war between the machines and humans. Both Cylon and human took heavy tolls as Cylon basestars, Colonial battlestars, Raiders and Vipers clashed in many battles, with the Colonial offensive Operation Raptor Talon as the last battle.[4]
Eventually, the two sides declared an armistice.[5] The Cylons become exiled from the Colonies to establish their own homeworld.
The unified worlds of the Colonies created a space station for maintaining diplomatic relations. However, the Cylons ignored this overture.
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The Robot Lobster dubbed “Robo-Lobster”, was created with the task of detecting mines under water. It has 8 legs, can move around in any direction and weighs 7 lbs. It is built from industrial strength plastic and can sniff around the ocean by using it’s 2 antennas. The claws at the front and tail at the back are used to keep the robot lobster stable in turbulent water.
Building robots is all the rage for some people. They are trying to get them to do what humans cannot, while also trying to build them as human as possible. This lobster to be honest, is a little freaky looking and not something I would want walking my way as it measures 2 feet long. But, considering it’s main priority is to hunt out mines in the ocean surf I am more then happy to let it continue on with that dangerous job.
Hooray for nanotechnology, as Israeli scientists have successfully worked on a medical robot that measures a mere 1mm in diameter. What does this mean? It is small enough to crawl into our nose and ears, in addition to making their way through veins and arteries. While the very idea of that might turn some people off (including me), rest assured that these scientists won’t be using it for nefarious purposes but instead targets the exploration of a real human being. It is also tipped that these medical robots will be equipped to fight certain cancers, while the idea of harnessing a group of them to fight metastases is enticing.

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U.S. Army troops have the advantage of using the Small Unmanned Ground Vehicles (SUGVs) in the battlefield as these diminutive robots double up as their eyes, ears, and potentially triggerfingers in tight situations. These robots are relatively cheap (considering the huge budget the Army has) and can be considered as disposable, enabling ground troops to check out the next corner or even hotspots without putting their lives on the line. What makes everything so surprising is the fact that there is no million dollar research involved when it comes to controller the SUGV – instead, the humble Microsoft Xbox 360 wireless controller will do just fine.

This has got to be the craziest transportation we’ve reported on at CG, a ride-able robot. It might be 3 years old but it still looks like a robot from the future.
The robot named R7 was invented by a Korean company who invent and manufacture robots purely for fun, which must be a great company to work for. You can buy the robot walker for $5,250 but don’t be surprised if you got a few strange looks if you take it (or it takes you) to the shops.

The shining promise of robotics is that it will eventually free us from all forms of drudgery. It only follows that as technology progresses our definition of what drudgery is will become a sliding scale, a moving target. Have we come so far already as to define the noble pursuit of tending bar “drudgery?” The RoboBar from the Motoman company answers this question with an emphatic “Yes!”