â—†Sengan-en seen by foreigners Many foreign VIPs visited Satsuma and Kagoshima which led Japan in the end of Edo Era and Meiji Era. Sengan-en played a role as a guesthouse to entertain them. Willem Johan Cornelis ridder Huijssen van Kattendijke
Visited on May26,1858 |
"As soon as we entered the site, Sengan-en, I couldn't believe my eyes, seeing so elegant and well-kept garden. It was weeded neatly, and the path was graveled. It was filled with beautiful flowers in bloom, and had a stream leading to a waterfall and a fountain." (Days in Nagasaki Naval Training Center) |
Kattendijke was a Dutch naval officer who visited Japan in 1857. He sailed by a steam warship Japan, later named Kanrinmaru, called at Nagasaki and became the Principal of the Nagasaki Naval Training Center.The above is a description when he visited Kagoshima with Rintaro Katsu and others by Kanrinmaru. Nariakira Shimadzu, the 28th head of the Satsuma Clan, entertained them in Sengan-en, and sat with them in Bogakuro Pavilion. (According to Source Book of Duke Nariakira)
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Pompe (Johannes Lijdius Catharinus Pompe van Meerdervoort)
Visited on June26, 1858 |
"We visited the factory out of town built by the Duke himself (Nariakira Shimadzu) and were amazed so much. Lots of large-scale projects were going on such as blowing on and polishing various types of colored glasses. Experiments were also constantly conducted. According to them, all were making progress. They had a blast furnace with a linked foundry where unbelievable amount of iron was manufactured. Large ironworks, ceramic and porcelain producing factories, special plants for cannons and small arms and sheet steel factory are operating at full swing.."(Viff Jaren in Japan.1857-1863 by Pompe) |
Pompe, a medical officer, visited Kagoshima with Kattendijke. After strolling around Sakurajima, he wrote, "Complete ravines had various kinds of bushes and delicate streams, and snug villages scattered there", and felt as if he had been in the Garden of Eden. He highly praised Shuseikan Projects developed by Nariakira Shimadzu, and prophesied it would be the most prosperous in Japan and Shimadzu would be the strongest clan.
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Sir Harry Smith Parkes
Visited on July27, 1866 |
"Noryo-den (Sengan-en) was faced to the port….At Noryo-den, I was entertained by the senior retainer….It was amazing entertainment….This garden is so wonderful that I don't know how to express it. Anyone who visits there must be stricken by a desire to stay for three years at least." (Historical Documents of Duke Tadayoshi, vol.4) |
"On July27, 1866, three British warships Princess Royal, Servent and Salamis entered the port in Kagoshima….Kokusyu-no-sensui (Sengan-en) was most beautiful. And there was a steelworks next to it….They produced glassware (Satsuma cut glass). Their technology was so excellent that Satsuma would no doubt become an expert in Japan….Even now some of their works would be worthy of the exhibition in Europe." ("Visit of Ministre Harry Parkes and British Admiral on Duke Satsuma", Historical Documents of Duke Tadayoshi, vol.4)
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Parkes was a British diplomat who assumed an envoy to Japan in 1865. Soon after making peace in 1863 after Anglo-Satsuma war, Britain and the Satsuma clan got on closer terms, and established intimate relationship. Visit of British Minister Parkes on Kagoshima was a symbolic event. Hisamitsu Shimadzu, the father of the Satsuma Clan, younger brother of Nariakira and father of Tadayoshi, and Tadayoshi Shimadzu, the 29th head, invited Parkes and his troupe to Sengan-en, and dined them with Japanese cuisine on the first day and Western cuisine on the second. British paper introduced Sengan-en later as following..
This mansion (Sengan-en) in the country shows that His Excellency Satsuma has a good idea to have homely consolation in the fine and warm climate of summer. People in Japan were fond of gardening, and excellent in craftsmanship. Pond with fish, mountain, sophisticated bush and stone pavements with full of variety, these are all what they usually adopt to their moderate sized gardens with artificial hills and forests made after some of famous scenery in this country. All of them are well worth seeing for visitors. ( THE ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS on February2,1867) |
Sir Ernest Mason Sato
Visited on January3, 1867 |
"We landed, and visited the glassworks, shell-producing plant, cannon foundry, plant for kitchen utensils and so on near the head's garden in Iso. " (The Meiji Restoration seen by a diplomat) |
Earnest Satow, minister of Britain, was dispatched to some feudal domains in West Japan to collect information on the politics. He came to Iso in 1867, and visited Kagoshima Castle and Shuseikan, and saw Sengan-en over the fence. Later, he wrote in his diary that he could see the beautiful garden just over the fence during his visit to Kagoshima.
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Nicholas II (Nicholai Aleksandrovich Romanov)
Visited on May6, 1891 in his Crown Prince days |
We anchored in a beautiful and deep harbor of Kagoshima…Kagoshima is an amazingly neat town…the Duke (Tadayoshi Shimadzu) welcomed us in the garden (Sengan-en). He was surrounded by 170 old soldiers in armor. Passing though small plants, a small pond, streams, small bridges and other wonderfully elaborate gardens which were Japanese line, we entered the tent …arrived at Iso Residence, took off shoes, put on slippers and washed hands. It was ideally clean. The room was made of bamboos…very thin walls and paper sliding doors…We had seats at 4 o'clock and dinner with Japanese cuisine started in accordance with traditional custom. I wish I had dinner like this everyday in Russia, too…The scene of the fleet at anchor in the harbor looked so beautiful from Iso Residence of Duke Shimadzu." (Diary of Nicholas II) |
In 1891, Crown Prince Nicholas of Czarist Russia, later Nicholas II, visited Japan on his way to Vladivostok where he would attend on the ground-breaking ceremony for the Trans-Siberian Railroad, and stopped at Kagoshima. Tadayoshi Shimadzu invited him and his cousin, Georgius who was Prince of Greece, welcomed them with a samurai parade led by his son, Tadayoshi, the 30th head and he himself demonstrated Inuomono, dog hunting..
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The Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (Arthur William Patrick Albert)
Visited on March3 and 4, 1906 |
"His Highness Prince Arthur landed at 10:40, was welcomed by Duke Tadashige Shimadzu, Governor Chikami, the mayor and officers, passed the road filled with citizens waving national flags of Britain and Japan and arrived at the Shimadzu's residence in Iso. After lunch, he visited the hospital which was the Kagoshima Branch of Red Cross and, on his way back to the residence in Iso, enjoyed boys' samurai parade, games of the art of the sword, the Bo Dance and the girls' sword dance, and, in the evening, was entertained with Girls' Teodori, performance of Satsuma biwa and so on…on the following day, after visiting Nansyu Graveyard, Terukuni Shrine and birthplaces of Saigo and Okubo, His Highness went back to the Iso residence, was given presents by Duke Shimadzu, the governor, the mayor and others, took a rest for a while and then departed from the Iso Residence at four o'clock.. "(History of Kagoshima Prefecture Vol.4) |
"Since it was a holiday for the Girls' festival, about thirty girls in full array were gathered from old prestigious families in Kagoshima City. And some of them played national anthems of Britain and Japan first and then Rokudan-no-shirabe on the koto. The place was filled with full of congenial atmosphere. After that, he had nothing to do until dinner, so I suggested him to take a walk in the garden. He immediately gave his willing consent. Having a chat, we walked along the mountain path up to Kekura and came back...(on March4) Seated in Bogakuro Pavilion, he enjoyed, if I'm not mistaken, the Yakumaru school of martial arts which was performed in the open space below, then left the Iso house and went back to his ship." (Rohennangokuki by Tadashige Shimadzu) |
In 1906, after the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, Britain decided to confer the Most Noble Order of the Garter on Emperor Meiji. Prince Arthur visited Japan as a mission, and also visited Sengan-en on his way. It was because people from Kagoshima played very important roles during Russo-Japanese and First Sino-Japanese Wars. Although Tadashige Shimadzu, the 30th head, studied at Naval College in Edajima at that time, he came back to Kagoshima and entertained Prince Arthur. It was an exceptional step for the college.
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Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David Windsor)
Visited on May9, 1922 in his Crown Prince days |
"When His Royal Highness the Crown Prince arrives at the residence of Duke Shimadzu in Iso by car at 11:56a.m. today, Yasuhisa in place of the Duke, Admiral Togo, committee members Mr. Yokoyama and Mr. Okubo and others will welcome him and Yasuhisa will lead them to the garden. Yasuhisa in place of the Duke and Admiral Togo will arrive at Tin Gate in advance, welcome him and show him into Bogakuro Pavilion. The whole family of the Shimadzu clan will have an audience with him there. After that, he will see the garden, have lunch at 12:30p.m. and again take a rest in Bogakuro Pavilion. It is also programmed that His Royal Highness will enjoy Mr. Tadakuma Machida's play on the flute Tembuku, play on the flute Shibabue and the Togo and Yakumarujigen schools of martial arts, and planted a memorial tree. He will depart from the Iso mansion before 2:00p.m. and Yasuhisa and Admiral Togo will see him off at the wharf." (Kagoshima Shimbun of May9, 1922) |
"When Mr. Yasuhisa Shimadzu in place of the Duke paid his respects to the Prince by telegram, Edward VIII answered that he had enjoyed the entertainment at the Iso Residence very much." (Kagoshima Shimbun of May11, 1922) |
Edward VIII of British Royal Family visited Japan during his Crown Prince days in 1921 in return for Prince Hirohito's (Emperor Showa) visit on Britain in 1922. Tadashige Shimadzu who stayed in Britain at that time paid a courtesy there before the departure of Edward VIII to Japan and his younger brother Yasuhisa on behalf of Shigetada entertained him at Sengan-en with Hehachiro Togo and others. After visiting Terukuni Shrine and Kogyokan, Edward went to Sengan-en and Shokoshuseikan. Shokoshuseikan officially opened in the following year.
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